如何在 python:3-slim Docker 镜像中安装 mysqlclient 而不会使镜像膨胀？ [重复]

Question

我正在使用

python:3-slim

Docker 映像，并想使用 Pypi 中的 mysqlclient 包，但从

RUN pip install mysqlclient

命令中收到以下错误：

...
Collecting mysqlclient
  Downloading mysqlclient-2.2.0.tar.gz (89 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 89.5/89.5 kB 2.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
  Getting requirements to build wheel: started
  Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'error'
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [27 lines of output]
      /bin/sh: 1: pkg-config: not found
      /bin/sh: 1: pkg-config: not found
      Trying pkg-config --exists mysqlclient
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mysqlclient' returned non-zero exit status 127.
      Trying pkg-config --exists mariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mariadb' returned non-zero exit status 127.
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_fea8lo/overlay/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 355, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_fea8lo/overlay/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 325, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_fea8lo/overlay/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 341, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 154, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 48, in get_config_posix
        File "<string>", line 27, in find_package_name
      Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name.
      Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

我的 Dockerfile 看起来像：

FROM python:3.12-slim

RUN pip install mysqlclient

我尝试通过将以下内容添加到上面的 Dockerfile 来安装构建依赖项

RUN pip install mysqlclient

：

RUN apt-get install python3-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev build-essential

但这使得 Docker 镜像超过 700MB。我还尝试将上面的行替换为以下内容，以在安装后删除构建依赖项

mysqlclient

：

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get dist-upgrade && \
    apt-get install -y pkg-config default-libmysqlclient-dev \
        build-essential libmariadb-dev && \
    pip install mysqlclient && \
    apt-get purge -y pkg-config default-libmysqlclient-dev build-essential

但是图像大小仍然超过 500MB。

如何安装

mysqlclient

而不用构建依赖项使我的 docker 映像膨胀？

Answer 1

使用多阶段构建 Dockerfile：

FROM python:3.12 AS python-build
RUN pip install mysqlclient

FROM python:3.12-slim
COPY --from=python-build /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install libmariadb3

这首先使用全脂

python:3.12

映像，它确实具有安装和编译

mysqlclient

所需的构建工具。与 Python 的典型情况一样，该包及其依赖项安装在

/usr/local/lib/python*/site-packages

中。

然后再次开始构建，这次使用

python:3.12-slim

图像。

COPY

引用第一个图像并仅复制已安装的 Python 包，包括

mysqlclient

。 最后一行安装

libmariadb3

，这是

mysqlclient

所必需的，否则你会收到以下错误：

ImportError: libmariadb.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory