sed是否可以在文本文件的分隔符之间添加字符？

Question

我有一个看起来像这样的输入文件（customers.txt）：

Name, Age, Email, 
Hank, 22, [email protected]
Nathan, 32, [email protected]
Gloria, 24, [email protected]

我试图输出到文件（customersnew.txt），使其看起来像这样：

Name: Hank     Age: 22   Email: [email protected]
Name: Nathan   Age: 32   Email: [email protected]
Name: Gloria   Age: 24   Email: [email protected]

到目前为止，我只能得到类似这样的输出：

Name: Hank, 22, [email protected]
Name: Nathan, 32, [email protected]
Name: Gloria, 24, [email protected]

我正在使用的代码是

sed -e '1d'\
    -e 's/.*/Name: &/g' customers.txt > customersnew.txt

我还尝试过使用-e 's/,/\n/g'\和-e '2s/.*Age: &/g'分隔数据。没用任何帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

$ awk 'BEGIN {FS=', ';OFS='\t'} NR==1 {split($0,hdr);next} {for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)$i=hdr[i]": "$i} 1' file
Name: Hank      Age: 22 Email: [email protected]
Name: Nathan    Age: 32 Email: [email protected]
Name: Gloria    Age: 24 Email: [email protected]

这只是将标头保存到数组中，并在后面的记录中将每个字段加<header>:。

Answer 2

awk '
BEGIN{
  FS=", "
  OFS="\t"
}
FNR==1{
  for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){
    value[i]=$i
  }
  next
}
{
  for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){
    $i=value[i] ": " $i
  }
}
1
'  Input_file

说明：添加上述解决方案的说明。
awk '                         ##Starting awk program from here.
BEGIN{                        ##Starting BEGIN section of this program from here.
  FS=", "                     ##Setting field separator as comma space here.
  OFS="\t"                    ##Setting output field separator as TAB here for all lines.
}
FNR==1{                       ##Checking here if this is first line then do following.
  for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){         ##Starting a for loop to traverse through all elements of fields here.
    value[i]=$i               ##Creating an array named value with index variable i and value is current field value.
  }
  next                        ##next will skip all further statements from here.
}
{
  for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){         ##Traversing through all fields of current line here.
    $i=value[i] ": " $i       ##Setting current field value adding array value with index i colon space then current fiedl value here.
  }
}
1                             ##1 will print all lines here.
'  Input_file                 ##Mentioning Input_file name here.

Answer 3

#!/usr/bin/env bash

count=0
max=$(wc -l < file.txt)

while ((count < max)); do
  if  ((count++ == 0 )); then
    IFS=, read -r name age email
  else
    IFS=, read -r real_name real_age real_email
    printf '%s: %-10s%s:%-6s %s:%s\n' "$name" "$real_name" "$age" "$real_age" "${email%,*}" "$real_email"
  fi
done < file.txt