动画仅在移动鼠标时起作用

Question

我正在使用 Pygame，我必须调整以下代码，因此当鼠标不移动时也会显示动画（因此没有事件）。有人可以帮助我吗？

下面附有“DDR.png”。我尝试了几件事，还包括将更新包含在主 while-running-loop 的 for 循环中，但它还没有起作用。 （您还可以通过按 t 或 g 来增大/减小机器人的速度。

import pygame
import math

class Envir:
    def __init__(self,dimentions):
        # colors
        self.black = (0, 0, 0)
        self.white = (255, 255, 255)
        self.green = (0, 255, 0)
        self.blue = (0, 0, 255)
        self.red = (255, 0, 0)
        self.yel = (255, 255, 0)
        # map dims
        self.height=dimentions[0]
        self.width=dimentions[1]
        # window settings
        pygame.display.set_caption("Differential drive robot")
        self.map=pygame.display.set_mode((self.width,self.height))
        # text variables
        self.font=pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf',50)
        self.text=self.font.render('default',True,self.white,self.black)
        self.textRect=self.text.get_rect()
        self.textRect.center=(dimentions[1]-600,dimentions[0]-100)
        # trail
        self.trail_set=[]

    def write_info(self,Vl,Vr,theta):
        txt=f"Vl = {Vl} Vr = {Vr} theta = {int(math.degrees(theta))}"
        self.text=self.font.render(txt,True,self.white,self.black)
        self.map.blit(self.text,self.textRect)

    def trail(self,pos):
        for i in range(0,len(self.trail_set)-1):
            pygame.draw.line(self.map,self.yel,(self.trail_set[i][0],self.trail_set[i][1]),(self.trail_set[i+1][0],self.trail_set[i+1][1]))
        if self.trail_set.__sizeof__()>30000:
            self.trail_set.pop(0)
        self.trail_set.append(pos)

    def robot_frame(self,pos,rotation):
        n=30

        centerx,centery=pos
        x_axis=(centerx + n*math.cos(-rotation),centery + n*math.sin(-rotation))
        y_axis=(centerx + n*math.cos(-rotation+math.pi/2),centery + n*math.sin(-rotation+math.pi/2))
        pygame.draw.line(self.map,self.red,(centerx,centery),x_axis,3)
        pygame.draw.line(self.map,self.green,(centerx,centery),y_axis, 3)

class Robot:
    def __init__(self,startpos,robotImg,width):
        self.m2p=3779.52 # meters 2 pixels
        #robot dims
        self.w=width
        self.x=startpos[0]
        self.y=startpos[1]
        self.theta=0
        self.vl=0.05*self.m2p # meters/2
        self.vr=0.05*self.m2p
        self.maxspeed=0.02*self.m2p
        self.minspeed=0.02*self.m2p
        # graphics
        self.img=pygame.image.load(robotImg)
        self.rotated=self.img
        self.rect=self.rotated.get_rect(center=(self.x,self.y))
    def draw(self,map):
        map.blit(self.rotated,self.rect)

    def move(self,event=None):

        if event is not None:
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_w:
                    self.vl += 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
                    self.vl -= 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_o:
                    self.vr += 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_l:
                    self.vr -= 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_t:
                    self.vr += 0.001 * self.m2p
                    self.vl += 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_g:
                    self.vr -= 0.001 * self.m2p
                    self.vl -= 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_x:
                    self.vr = 0
                    self.vl = 0

            self.x+=((self.vl+self.vr)/2)*math.cos(self.theta)*dt
            self.y-=((self.vl+self.vr)/2)*math.sin(self.theta)*dt
            self.theta+=(self.vr-self.vl)/self.w*dt

            self.rotated=pygame.transform.rotozoom(self.img,math.degrees(self.theta),1)
            self.rect=self.rotated.get_rect(center=(self.x,self.y))


# initialisation
pygame.init()

# start position
start=(200,200)

#dimentions
dims=(600,1200)

#running or not
running=True

# the envir
environment=Envir(dims)

# the robot
robot=Robot(start,"DDR.png",80)#0.01*3779.52
# dt
dt=0
lasttime=pygame.time.get_ticks()
# simulation loop
while running:
    # activate the quit button
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running=False
        robot.move(event)
    dt = (pygame.time.get_ticks() - lasttime) / 1000
    lasttime=pygame.time.get_ticks()
    pygame.display.update()
    environment.map.fill(environment.black)
    robot.move()
    environment.write_info(int(robot.vl), int(robot.vr), robot.theta)
    robot.draw(environment.map)
    environment.robot_frame((robot.x,robot.y),robot.theta)
    environment.trail((robot.x,robot.y))

图片“DDR.png”：

Answer 1

你必须拆分

move

方法。您需要一种处理事件并更改运动矢量的方法和另一种移动机器人的方法：

class Robot:
    # [...]

    def update(self,event=None):

        if event is not None:
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_w:
                    self.vl += 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
                    self.vl -= 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_o:
                    self.vr += 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_l:
                    self.vr -= 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_t:
                    self.vr += 0.001 * self.m2p
                    self.vl += 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_g:
                    self.vr -= 0.001 * self.m2p
                    self.vl -= 0.001 * self.m2p
                elif event.key == pygame.K_x:
                    self.vr = 0
                    self.vl = 0

    def move(self, dt):

        self.x+=((self.vl+self.vr)/2)*math.cos(self.theta)*dt
        self.y-=((self.vl+self.vr)/2)*math.sin(self.theta)*dt
        self.theta+=(self.vr-self.vl)/self.w*dt

        self.rotated=pygame.transform.rotozoom(self.img,math.degrees(self.theta),1)
        self.rect=self.rotated.get_rect(center=(self.x,self.y))

在事件循环中调用

update

并在应用程序循环中调用

move

：

while running:
    # activate the quit button
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running=False
        robot.update(event)

    dt = (pygame.time.get_ticks() - lasttime) / 1000
    robot.move(dt)

    # [...]

我建议阅读按住按键时如何使精灵移动。