dart 是否支持运算符重载

问题描述 投票:0回答:6

我读到 Dart 不支持函数重载。它支持运算符重载吗?如果是,您能通过一个简单的示例向我展示它是如何完成的吗?还有什么优点等等?

function overloading operator-keyword dart
6个回答
30
投票

当您在新版本中尝试使用

==
运算符重载时,所选答案不再有效。现在你需要这样做:

class MyClass {
  @override
  bool operator ==(other) {
    // compare this to other
  }
}

但这并不安全。

other
未指定为类型,可能会发生意外情况。例如:

void main() {
  var a = A(1);
  var b = B(1);
  var result = a == b;
  print(result); //result is true
}

class A {
  A(this.index);

  final int index;

  @override
  bool operator ==(other) => other.index == index;
}

class B {
  B(this.index);

  final int index;
}

所以你可以这样做:

class A {
  A(this.index);

  final int index;

  @override
  bool operator ==(covariant A other) => other.index == index;
}

您需要使用

covariant
。因为 Object 重载了
==
运算符。

或者你也可以

测试对象类型:
访问:hash_and_equals

class A {
  A(this.index);

  final int index;

  @override
  bool operator ==(other) => other is A && (other.index == index);

  @override
  int get hashCode => index;
}

23
投票

Dart 确实支持运算符重载,使用 operator 关键字,后跟要重载的运算符。以下示例重载 MyClass 对象的 == 运算符:

class MyClass {
  operator ==(MyClass other) {
    // compare this to other
  }
}

几乎所有 Darts 内置运算符都可以重载,但有一些值得注意的例外是赋值运算符 = 和引用等价运算符 ===(不再存在)。

至于运算符重载的优点,它允许您重用具有众所周知的语义含义的运算符,例如 ==+ 来对对象进行操作。例如,如果您有一个重载 + 运算符的 Matrix 类,那么您可以使用语法 m1 + m2 添加两个矩阵,而不是使用更麻烦的 m1.plus(m2)


8
投票

为了扩展 Lars 的答案,您还可以使用内联函数语法重载运算符。

class MyClass {
  operator ==(MyClass o) => id == o.id;
}

8
投票

学习如何使用运算符重载的一个惊人示例是在 dart 中处理复数的类:

import 'dart:core';

class Complex {
  final double real;
  final double imaginary;

  Complex({this.real = 0, this.imaginary = 0});

  Complex.ri(this.real, this.imaginary);

  Complex operator +(Complex b) {
    return Complex(
        real: this.real + b.real, imaginary: this.imaginary + b.imaginary);
  }

  Complex operator -(Complex b) {
    return Complex(
        real: this.real - b.real, imaginary: this.imaginary - b.imaginary);
  }

  Complex operator *(Complex b) {
    return Complex(
        real: this.real * b.real - this.imaginary * b.imaginary,
        imaginary: this.real * b.imaginary + this.imaginary * b.real);
  }

  Complex operator /(Complex b) {
    // https://stackoverflow.com/a/41146661/6846888
    var conjugation = b.conjugate();
    var denominatorRes = b * conjugation;

    // denominator has only real part
    var denominator = denominatorRes.real;
    var nominator = this * conjugation;

    return Complex(
        real: nominator.real / denominator,
        imaginary: nominator.imaginary / denominator);
  }

  bool operator ==(b) {
    return b.real == this.real && b.imaginary == this.imaginary;
  }

  @override
  String toString() {
    return 'Complex(real: ${real}, imaginary: ${imaginary})';
  }
}

3
投票

从 Dart 2.7 版本开始,您可以向现有类添加运算符,例如:

extension Contains on String {
  bool operator <<(Pattern other) => contains(other);
  bool operator >>(String other) => other.contains(this);
}

-2
投票

使用复数作为示例,我可以实现“Complex * num”,如下所示:

Complex operator *(dynamic b) {
  if (b is Complex) {
    return Complex( real: ... );
  } else if (b is num) {
    return Complex.ri(real*b, imaginary*b);
  }
}
...
© www.soinside.com 2019 - 2024. All rights reserved.