如何在XML Python中的同一父级中基于相同标签的元素进行连接？

Question

我有一个这样的长XML结构：

<pages>
  <page id="1" bbox="0.000,0.000,462.047,680.315" rotate="0">
    <textbox id="0" bbox="191.745,592.218,249.042,603.578">
      <textline bbox="191.745,592.218,249.042,603.578">
<new_line>
          <text font="QKWQNQ+ImprintMTnum-Bold" bbox="272.661,554.072,277.415,564.757" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.685">1</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="280.592,553.628,285.109,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">s</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="284.964,553.628,290.760,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">v</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="290.382,553.628,295.477,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">e</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="295.333,553.628,301.707,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">n</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="301.563,553.628,305.390,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">t</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="305.245,553.628,311.620,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">u</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="311.475,553.628,315.992,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">r</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="315.847,553.628,320.942,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">a</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="320.798,553.628,324.625,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">]</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="324.480,553.628,327.384,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482"> </text>
          <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="327.763,553.639,331.590,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">s</text>
          <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="331.445,553.639,337.241,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">p</text>
          <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="337.097,553.639,340.924,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">s</text>
          <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="340.312,553.639,343.560,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">.</text>
          <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="343.416,553.639,346.319,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727"> </text>
          <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="346.709,553.639,352.505,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">a</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="355.660,553.628,365.283,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">m</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="365.139,553.628,368.387,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">i</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="368.242,553.628,372.759,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">-</text>
        </new_line>
</textline>
    </textbox>
</page>
</pages>

实际的XML更长，并且具有更多页面。

您可以看到“尺寸”标签具有不同的尺寸。我想将text标签内的<new_line>标签字母大小相同，并保持其出现顺序。

我的预期输出是XML文件：

<pages>
  <page id="1" bbox="0.000,0.000,462.047,680.315" rotate="0">
    <textbox id="0" bbox="191.745,592.218,249.042,603.578">
      <textline bbox="191.745,592.218,249.042,603.578">
<new_line>
          <text font="QKWQNQ+ImprintMTnum-Bold" bbox="272.661,554.072,277.415,564.757" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="10.685">1</text>
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="280.592,553.628,285.109,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">sventura ] </text>
          <text font="PYNIYO+ImprintMTnum-Italic" bbox="327.763,553.639,331.590,566.366" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.727">sps. a</text> 
          <text font="NUMPTY+ImprintMTnum" bbox="355.660,553.628,365.283,566.110" colourspace="DeviceGray" ncolour="0" size="12.482">mi-</text>

</textline>
    </textbox>
</page>
</pages>

重要的是，必须保持字符的顺序。我尝试了很多方法，但都没有成功。如何实现我想要的输出？

编辑：我试图像这样比较属性，但我需要保留标签：

  words = []
    root = ET.fromstring(xml)
    pages = root.findall('.//page')
    for page in pages:
        previous_key = None
        current_key = None
        texts = page.findall('.//text')
        for txt in texts:
            if previous_key:
                current_key = (txt.attrib.get('font',previous_key[0]),txt.attrib.get('size',previous_key[1]))
            else:
                current_key = (txt.attrib.get('font','empty'),txt.attrib.get('size','empty'))
            if current_key != previous_key:
                words.append([])
            words[-1].append(txt.text)
            previous_key = current_key

    for group in words:
        if group:
            print(''.join(group))

Answer 1

您可以尝试以下方法：

迭代所有new_line元素。对于所有这些new_lines：
• 查找所有子元素text并将其保存在列表中。
  • 使用text_list使用当前元素和先前元素遍历zip（有关更多详细信息，请参见this discussion：zip(l[:-1], l[1:])
  • 获取当前和上一个元素的大小
  • 如果它们相等且不都为null：
  • 获取当前和先前的文本
    • 将它们添加到当前元素