如何使用 python tree.write(file_name) 保存 xml 结构？

Question

我想使用 Python 将带有子元素的元素添加到我的 xml 文件中。但更改文件后，元素和子元素看起来像一条线，而不是像 xml 树。

我这样做：

tree = ET.parse('existing_file.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
new_object = ET.SubElement(root, 'object')
name = ET.SubElement(new_object, 'name')
name.text = 'car'
color = ET.SubElement(new_object, 'color')
color.text = 'Red'
new_tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
new_tree.write('new_file.xml')

但是在此之后我得到了没有这样结构的文件：

<object><name>car</name><color>red</color></object>

但是我需要这个：

<object>
     <name>car</name>
     <color>red</color>
</object>

我做错了什么？

Answer 1

使用

new_tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
ET.indent(new_tree)
new_tree.write('new_file.xml', xml_declaration=True, short_empty_elements=True)

或使用

xml.dom.minidom.parseString

new_object = ET.SubElement(root, 'object')
name = ET.SubElement(new_object, 'name')
name.text = 'car'
color = ET.SubElement(new_object, 'color')
color.text = 'Red'

# Convert the ElementTree to a string with indentation
xml_string = ET.tostring(root, encoding='unicode')

# Use minidom to format the XML string
dom = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(xml_string)
formatted_xml = dom.toprettyxml()

# Write the formatted XML to a new file
with open('new_file.xml', 'w') as f:
    f.write(formatted_xml)

---

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<object>
    <name>car</name>
    <color>red</color>
    <object>
        <name>car</name>
        <color>Red</color>
    </object>
</object>