如何将R中小于0的数字更新为时间格式

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

我有这个原始的时间序列数据集，其中 V2 是日期（类别：整数），V3 是时间戳，但现在以从 0 到 2355（每 5 分钟频率）开始的数字写入，其中 0 表示 00： 00、5 表示 00:05、...、55 表示 00:55、100 表示 01:00、105 表示 01:05 等等。 V3栏（时间）的格式如下：

> head(data0$V3, 20)
[1]   0   5  10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45  50  55 100 105 110 115 120 125
[19] 130 135

我想将日期和时间列合并到一个名为“日期时间”的列中。为此，我尝试了下面的这些代码。

data0$V3 <- sub("(\\d+)(\\d{2})", "\\1:\\2", data0$V3) # put in delimitter

结果：

> head(data0$V3, 20)
 [1] "0"    "5"    "10"   "15"   "20"   "25"   "30"   "35"   "40"   "45" 
[11] "50"   "55"   "1:00" "1:05" "1:10" "1:15" "1:20" "1:25" "1:30" "1:35"

然后

library(lubridate)
data0$datetime = ymd_hm(paste(data0$V2, data0$V3))

结果：

> head(data0$datetime, 20)
[1] NA                        NA
[3] NA                        NA
...
[11] NA                        NA
[13] "2015-01-01 01:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 01:05:00 UTC"
[15] "2015-01-01 01:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 01:15:00 UTC"
...
[19] "2015-01-01 01:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 01:35:00 UTC"

从这个结果来看，它们似乎在 100 到 2355 的时间范围内工作正常，但无法解析从 0 到 55 的时间。我的猜测是，这些数字从一开始就不像其他数字那样被理解为时间格式。

在这种情况下，任何人都可以帮助解决时间戳从 0 到 55 的问题，以便我在整个数据集中得到相同的结果吗？我的想法可能是在应用第一个代码行之前将 [0;55] 转换为 [00;055] 之类的格式，但这是否可能，因为作为数字，0 总是被省略？

date parsing time lubridate combine
1个回答
0
投票

问题在于第一个数字中没有前导零。您可以使用此问题的答案添加前导零：如何添加前导零？。我选择 

formatC()
因为它允许将输出格式化为固定宽度。如果是小时:分钟格式，所需的宽度为 4 位数字：如 
00:00
或 
22:45
。

我将您的示例数据扩展至 

10:55
，以便我们可以处理一些具有两位数小时数的案例。

以下是代码：

times <- vector(mode = "integer", length = 0)
for (i in (0:10)*100) {
  times <- c(times, 
             seq(from = i,
               to = i + 55,
               by = 5))
}
times
#>   [1]    0    5   10   15   20   25   30   35   40   45   50   55  100  105  110
#>  [16]  115  120  125  130  135  140  145  150  155  200  205  210  215  220  225
#>  [31]  230  235  240  245  250  255  300  305  310  315  320  325  330  335  340
#>  [46]  345  350  355  400  405  410  415  420  425  430  435  440  445  450  455
#>  [61]  500  505  510  515  520  525  530  535  540  545  550  555  600  605  610
#>  [76]  615  620  625  630  635  640  645  650  655  700  705  710  715  720  725
#>  [91]  730  735  740  745  750  755  800  805  810  815  820  825  830  835  840
#> [106]  845  850  855  900  905  910  915  920  925  930  935  940  945  950  955
#> [121] 1000 1005 1010 1015 1020 1025 1030 1035 1040 1045 1050 1055

# add leading zeros so that total width is always 4
(times <- formatC(times, width = 4, format = "d", flag = "0"))
#>   [1] "0000" "0005" "0010" "0015" "0020" "0025" "0030" "0035" "0040" "0045"
#>  [11] "0050" "0055" "0100" "0105" "0110" "0115" "0120" "0125" "0130" "0135"
#>  [21] "0140" "0145" "0150" "0155" "0200" "0205" "0210" "0215" "0220" "0225"
#>  [31] "0230" "0235" "0240" "0245" "0250" "0255" "0300" "0305" "0310" "0315"
#>  [41] "0320" "0325" "0330" "0335" "0340" "0345" "0350" "0355" "0400" "0405"
#>  [51] "0410" "0415" "0420" "0425" "0430" "0435" "0440" "0445" "0450" "0455"
#>  [61] "0500" "0505" "0510" "0515" "0520" "0525" "0530" "0535" "0540" "0545"
#>  [71] "0550" "0555" "0600" "0605" "0610" "0615" "0620" "0625" "0630" "0635"
#>  [81] "0640" "0645" "0650" "0655" "0700" "0705" "0710" "0715" "0720" "0725"
#>  [91] "0730" "0735" "0740" "0745" "0750" "0755" "0800" "0805" "0810" "0815"
#> [101] "0820" "0825" "0830" "0835" "0840" "0845" "0850" "0855" "0900" "0905"
#> [111] "0910" "0915" "0920" "0925" "0930" "0935" "0940" "0945" "0950" "0955"
#> [121] "1000" "1005" "1010" "1015" "1020" "1025" "1030" "1035" "1040" "1045"
#> [131] "1050" "1055"

# add divider : 
times <- sub("(\\d+)(\\d{2})", "\\1:\\2", times)

lubridate::ymd_hm(paste("2015-01-01", times))
#>   [1] "2015-01-01 00:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 00:05:00 UTC"
#>   [3] "2015-01-01 00:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 00:15:00 UTC"
#>   [5] "2015-01-01 00:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 00:25:00 UTC"
#>   [7] "2015-01-01 00:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 00:35:00 UTC"
#>   [9] "2015-01-01 00:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 00:45:00 UTC"
#>  [11] "2015-01-01 00:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 00:55:00 UTC"
#>  [13] "2015-01-01 01:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 01:05:00 UTC"
#>  [15] "2015-01-01 01:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 01:15:00 UTC"
#>  [17] "2015-01-01 01:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 01:25:00 UTC"
#>  [19] "2015-01-01 01:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 01:35:00 UTC"
#>  [21] "2015-01-01 01:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 01:45:00 UTC"
#>  [23] "2015-01-01 01:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 01:55:00 UTC"
#>  [25] "2015-01-01 02:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 02:05:00 UTC"
#>  [27] "2015-01-01 02:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 02:15:00 UTC"
#>  [29] "2015-01-01 02:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 02:25:00 UTC"
#>  [31] "2015-01-01 02:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 02:35:00 UTC"
#>  [33] "2015-01-01 02:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 02:45:00 UTC"
#>  [35] "2015-01-01 02:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 02:55:00 UTC"
#>  [37] "2015-01-01 03:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 03:05:00 UTC"
#>  [39] "2015-01-01 03:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 03:15:00 UTC"
#>  [41] "2015-01-01 03:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 03:25:00 UTC"
#>  [43] "2015-01-01 03:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 03:35:00 UTC"
#>  [45] "2015-01-01 03:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 03:45:00 UTC"
#>  [47] "2015-01-01 03:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 03:55:00 UTC"
#>  [49] "2015-01-01 04:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 04:05:00 UTC"
#>  [51] "2015-01-01 04:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 04:15:00 UTC"
#>  [53] "2015-01-01 04:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 04:25:00 UTC"
#>  [55] "2015-01-01 04:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 04:35:00 UTC"
#>  [57] "2015-01-01 04:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 04:45:00 UTC"
#>  [59] "2015-01-01 04:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 04:55:00 UTC"
#>  [61] "2015-01-01 05:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 05:05:00 UTC"
#>  [63] "2015-01-01 05:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 05:15:00 UTC"
#>  [65] "2015-01-01 05:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 05:25:00 UTC"
#>  [67] "2015-01-01 05:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 05:35:00 UTC"
#>  [69] "2015-01-01 05:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 05:45:00 UTC"
#>  [71] "2015-01-01 05:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 05:55:00 UTC"
#>  [73] "2015-01-01 06:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 06:05:00 UTC"
#>  [75] "2015-01-01 06:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 06:15:00 UTC"
#>  [77] "2015-01-01 06:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 06:25:00 UTC"
#>  [79] "2015-01-01 06:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 06:35:00 UTC"
#>  [81] "2015-01-01 06:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 06:45:00 UTC"
#>  [83] "2015-01-01 06:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 06:55:00 UTC"
#>  [85] "2015-01-01 07:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 07:05:00 UTC"
#>  [87] "2015-01-01 07:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 07:15:00 UTC"
#>  [89] "2015-01-01 07:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 07:25:00 UTC"
#>  [91] "2015-01-01 07:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 07:35:00 UTC"
#>  [93] "2015-01-01 07:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 07:45:00 UTC"
#>  [95] "2015-01-01 07:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 07:55:00 UTC"
#>  [97] "2015-01-01 08:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 08:05:00 UTC"
#>  [99] "2015-01-01 08:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 08:15:00 UTC"
#> [101] "2015-01-01 08:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 08:25:00 UTC"
#> [103] "2015-01-01 08:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 08:35:00 UTC"
#> [105] "2015-01-01 08:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 08:45:00 UTC"
#> [107] "2015-01-01 08:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 08:55:00 UTC"
#> [109] "2015-01-01 09:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 09:05:00 UTC"
#> [111] "2015-01-01 09:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 09:15:00 UTC"
#> [113] "2015-01-01 09:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 09:25:00 UTC"
#> [115] "2015-01-01 09:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 09:35:00 UTC"
#> [117] "2015-01-01 09:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 09:45:00 UTC"
#> [119] "2015-01-01 09:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 09:55:00 UTC"
#> [121] "2015-01-01 10:00:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 10:05:00 UTC"
#> [123] "2015-01-01 10:10:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 10:15:00 UTC"
#> [125] "2015-01-01 10:20:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 10:25:00 UTC"
#> [127] "2015-01-01 10:30:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 10:35:00 UTC"
#> [129] "2015-01-01 10:40:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 10:45:00 UTC"
#> [131] "2015-01-01 10:50:00 UTC" "2015-01-01 10:55:00 UTC"

创建于 2024-02-07，使用 reprex v2.1.0

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