PowerShell tr y-catch丢失重复访问错误

Question

在运行PowerShell 5.1的Windows 10 Pro 64中，此脚本：

$sScriptName  = "ErrorTest.ps1"

write-host ("I will get the file structure of ""C:\Windows\System32"", but this yields two access-denied errors:")

$aoFileSystem = @(get-ChildItem "C:\Windows\System32" -recurse -force)

write-host ("I will now do it again and trap for those errors. But I only get one of them:")

try {$aoFileSystem = @(get-ChildItem $sPath -recurse -force -ErrorAction Stop)}
catch [System.UnauthorizedAccessException]
   {$sErrorMessage = $_.ToString()
    write-host ("System.UnauthorizedAccessException: " + $sErrorMessage.substring(20, $sErrorMessage.length - 32))}

以管理员身份在ISE中运行，获得以下输出：

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> D:\<path>\ErrorTest.ps1
I will get the file structure of "C:\Windows\System32", but this yields two access-denied errors:
get-ChildItem : Access to the path 'C:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.IE5' is denied.
At D:\<path>\ErrorTest.ps1:5 char:19
+ ... aoFileSystem = @(get-ChildItem "C:\Windows\System32" -recurse -force)
+                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : PermissionDenied: (C:\Windows\Syst...che\Content.IE5:String) [Get-ChildItem], UnauthorizedAccessException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : DirUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetChildItemCommand

get-ChildItem : Access to the path 'C:\Windows\System32\LogFiles\WMI\RtBackup' is denied.
At D:\<path>\ErrorTest.ps1:5 char:19
+ ... aoFileSystem = @(get-ChildItem "C:\Windows\System32" -recurse -force)
+                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : PermissionDenied: (C:\Windows\Syst...es\WMI\RtBackup:String) [Get-ChildItem], UnauthorizedAccessException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : DirUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetChildItemCommand

I will now do it again and trap for those errors. But I only get one of them:
System.UnauthorizedAccessException: C:\WINDOWS\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.IE5

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> 

我想记录访问错误，但是当我尝试捕获它们时，我只会得到第一个错误。当我困住他们时，我该怎么做才能使第二个出现？

编辑：我收到一条消息，告诉我我需要编辑问题以解释它与Can PowerShell trap errors in GetChildItem and continue looping?有何不同。因此，在此我将重复我对以下Scepticalist的评论所讲的内容。这个问题是针对get-ChildItem循环中的ForEach。我的问题不涉及这样的循环。尽管如此，我还是在这里尝试了接受的答案，即使用-ErrorAction SilentlyContinue，并且仅隐藏错误，而不会捕获错误。但是，在我发现并准备发布作为答案的解决方案中，我确实将-ErrorAction SilentlyContinue与-ErrorVariable结合使用。

Answer 1

[好的，我对ErrorAction参数做了一些研究，然后发现了ErrorVariable参数。 （这两个都是common parameters，因此它们没有出现在get-ChildItem的文档中。）然后，我就可以弄清楚如何做到这一点。

我不会立即接受这个答案，但是会等待，看看有人是否有更好的解决方案。

新脚本：

$sScriptName  = "ErrorTest.ps1"

write-host ("I will get the file structure of ""C:\Windows\System32"", but this yields two access-denied errors:")
$aoFileSystem = @(get-ChildItem "C:\Windows\System32" -recurse -force)

write-host ("I will now do it again and trap for those errors.")
$aoFileSystem = @(get-ChildItem $sPath -recurse -force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable aoChildItemError)

# This doesn't work right. It merges text from both errors together. Why?
#ForEach-object -InputObject $aoChildItemError `
#   {$oErrorRecord = $_
#    write-host ($oErrorRecord.CategoryInfo.reason + ": """ + $oErrorRecord.TargetObject + """")}

for ($nCount = 0; $nCount -lt $aoChildItemError.count; $nCount++)
   {$oErrorRecord = $aoChildItemError[$nCount]
    write-host ($oErrorRecord.CategoryInfo.reason + ": """ + $oErrorRecord.TargetObject + """")}

新输出：

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> D:\<path>\ErrorTest_mod.ps1
I will get the file structure of "C:\Windows\System32", but this yields two access-denied errors:
get-ChildItem : Access to the path 'C:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.IE5' is denied.
At D:\<path>\ErrorTest_mod.ps1:5 char:19
+ ... aoFileSystem = @(get-ChildItem "C:\Windows\System32" -recurse -force)
+                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : PermissionDenied: (C:\Windows\Syst...che\Content.IE5:String) [Get-ChildItem], UnauthorizedAccessException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : DirUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetChildItemCommand

get-ChildItem : Access to the path 'C:\Windows\System32\LogFiles\WMI\RtBackup' is denied.
At D:\<path>\ErrorTest_mod.ps1:5 char:19
+ ... aoFileSystem = @(get-ChildItem "C:\Windows\System32" -recurse -force)
+                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : PermissionDenied: (C:\Windows\Syst...es\WMI\RtBackup:String) [Get-ChildItem], UnauthorizedAccessException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : DirUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetChildItemCommand

I will now do it again and trap for those errors.
UnauthorizedAccessException: "C:\WINDOWS\system32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.IE5"
UnauthorizedAccessException: "C:\WINDOWS\system32\LogFiles\WMI\RtBackup"

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>  

在评论我的问题时，@ AdminOfThings建议使用$error。我对此并不熟悉，但是在common parameters的文档中已经提到过，它说$error存储整个会话中的错误，但是ErrorVariable参数允许我从对cmdlet的特定调用中收集错误。因此，这样做可能更好。但是，与@AdminOfThings的评论一致，此解决方案不使用try-catch。

[如果有人可以解释为什么新脚本中注释掉的ForEach-object无效，并显示了解决方法，我可以接受该答案。

Answer 2

非常简单！您在第二个目录访问语句中指定了参数-ErrorAction Stop。将其切换到-ErrorAction继续，您会收到两个错误消息。