在Swift 3中，当结果太高时如何计算阶乘？

Question

我已编写此函数以返回给定数字的阶乘

func factorial(_ n: Int) -> Int {
    if n == 0 {
        return 1
    }
    else {
        return n * factorial(n - 1)
    }
}

print( factorial(20) )  // 2432902008176640000

只要给定的数字不超过20，就可以正常工作，因为这样结果会变得太高！

我如何规避此限制，从而计算出较高数字的阶乘？

我四处搜寻，并找到了一些Swift的bignum库。我这样做是为了学习和熟悉Swift，因此我想自己解决这个问题。

Answer 1

这里是一种可以让您找到非常大的阶乘的方法。

将大数字表示为数字数组。例如，987将为[9, 8, 7]。将该数字乘以整数n将需要两个步骤。

1. [该数组中的每个值乘以n。
2. 执行进位运算以返回再次为个位数的结果。

例如987 * 2：

let arr = [9, 8, 7]
let arr2 = arr.map { $0 * 2 }
print(arr2)  // [18, 16, 14]

现在，执行进位操作。从一个数字开始，14太大，因此请保留4并随身携带1。将1添加到16，以获得17。

[18, 17, 4]

用十位代替：

[19, 7, 4]

然后是百位：

[1, 9, 7, 4]

最后，对于打印，您可以将其转换回字符串：

let arr = [1, 9, 7, 4]
print(arr.map(String.init).joined())

1974

---

应用该技术，这是执行进位运算的carryAll函数，并使用它来计算非常大的阶乘：factorial：

func carryAll(_ arr: [Int]) -> [Int] {
    var result = [Int]()

    var carry = 0
    for val in arr.reversed() {
        let total = val + carry
        let digit = total % 10
        carry = total / 10
        result.append(digit)
    }

    while carry > 0 {
        let digit = carry % 10
        carry = carry / 10
        result.append(digit)
    }

    return result.reversed()
}



func factorial(_ n: Int) -> String {
    var result = [1]
    for i in 2...n {
        result = result.map { $0 * i }
        result = carryAll(result)
    }

    return result.map(String.init).joined()
}

print(factorial(1000))

4023872600770937735437024339230039857193748642107146325437999104299385123986290205920442084869694048004799886101971960586316668729948085589013238296699445909974245040870737599188236277271887325197795059509952761208749754624970436014182780946464962910563938874378864873371191810458257836478499770124766328898359557354325131853239584630755574091142624174743493475534286465766116677973966688202912073791438537195882498081268678383745597317461360853795345242215865932019280908782973084313928444032812315586110369768013573042161687476096758713483120254785893207671691324484262361314125087802080002616831510273418279777047846358681701643650241536913982812648102130927612448963599287051149649754199093422215668325720808213331861168115536​​1583654698404670897560290095053761647584772842188967964624494516076535340819890138544248798495995331910172335555660213945039973628075013783761530712776192684903435262520001588853514733161170210396817592151090778801939317811419454525722386554146106289218796022383897147 6088506276862967146674697562911234082439208160153780889893964518263243671616762179168909779911903754031274622289988005195444414282012187361745992642956581746628302955570299024324153181617210465832036786906117260158783520751516284225540265170483304226143974286933061690897968482590125458327168226458066526769958652682272807075781391858178889652208164348344825993266043367660176999612831860788386150279465955131156552036093988180612138558600301435694527224206344631797460594682573103790084024432438465657245014402821885252470935190620929023136493273497565513958720559654228749774011413346962715422845862377387538230483865688976461927383814900140767310446640259899490222221765904339901886018566526485061799702356193897017860040811889729918311021171229845901641921068884387121855646124960798722908519296819372388642614839657382291123125024186649353143970137428531926649875337218940694281434118520158014123344828015051399694290153483077644569099073152433278288269864602789864321139083506217095002597389863 554277196742822248757586765752344220207573630569498825087968928162753848863396909959826280956121450994871701244516461260379029309120889086942028510640182154399457156805941872748998094254742173582401063677404595741785160829230135358081840096996372524230560855903700624271243416909004153690105933983835777939410970027753472000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Answer 2

您可以使用此库：BigInt

使用CocoaPods安装它：

pod 'BigInt'

然后您可以像这样使用它：

import BigInt

    func factorial(_ n: Int) -> BigInt {
        if n == 0 {
            return 1
        }
        else {
            return BigInt(n) * factorial(n - 1)
        }
    }

    print( factorial(50) )  // 30414093201713378043612608166064768844377641568960512000000000000