SQL DROP TABLE 外键约束

问题描述 投票:0回答:17

如果我想像这样删除数据库中的所有表,它会处理外键约束吗?如果没有,我该如何处理?

GO
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.[Course]','U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE dbo.[Course]
GO
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.[Student]','U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE dbo.[Student]
sql-server foreign-keys constraints database-table drop-table
17个回答
389
投票

不,如果确实有外键引用它,这不会删除您的表。

要获取引用您的表的所有外键关系,您可以使用此 SQL(如果您使用的是 SQL Server 2005 及更高版本):

SELECT * 
FROM sys.foreign_keys
WHERE referenced_object_id = object_id('Student')

如果有的话,使用这里的语句,您可以创建 SQL 语句来实际删除这些 FK 关系:

SELECT 
    'ALTER TABLE [' +  OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(parent_object_id) +
    '].[' + OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) + 
    '] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + name + ']'
FROM sys.foreign_keys
WHERE referenced_object_id = object_id('Student')

61
投票

在 SQL Server Management Studio 2008 (R2) 及更高版本中,您可以右键单击

数据库 -> 任务 -> 生成脚本

  • 选择您要删除的表。

  • 选择“保存到新查询窗口”。

  • 单击“高级”按钮。

  • 将 Script DROP 和 CREATE 设置为 Script DROP。

  • 将脚本外键设置为 True。

  • 单击“确定”。

  • 单击“下一步”->“下一步”->“完成”。

  • 查看脚本然后执行。


33
投票

如果您先删除“子”表,则外键也会被删除。如果您尝试先删除“父”表,您将收到“无法删除对象 'a',因为它被外键约束引用”。错误。


25
投票

这是正确删除所有表的另一种方法,使用

sp_MSdropconstraints
过程。我能想到的最短的代码:

exec sp_MSforeachtable "declare @name nvarchar(max); set @name = parsename('?', 1); exec sp_MSdropconstraints @name";
exec sp_MSforeachtable "drop table ?";

3
投票

@mark_s 发布的内容稍微更通用,这对我有帮助

SELECT 
'ALTER TABLE ' +  OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(k.parent_object_id) +
'.[' + OBJECT_NAME(k.parent_object_id) + 
'] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + k.name
FROM sys.foreign_keys k
WHERE referenced_object_id = object_id('your table')

只需插入你的表名,然后执行它的结果。


2
投票

一切都变得简单多了。有一个配置可以关闭检查然后打开。

例如,如果您正在使用MySQL,那么要关闭它,您必须编写

SET foreign_key_checks = 0;

然后删除或清除表格,并重新启用检查

SET foreign_key_checks = 1;


1
投票

如果是 SQL Server,则必须先删除约束,然后才能删除表。


1
投票

这是删除表本身后面的所有约束的另一种方法,使用涉及

FOR XML PATH('')
的串联技巧,它允许将多个输入行合并到单个输出行中。应该适用于任何 SQL 2005 及更高版本。

为了安全起见,我已将 EXECUTE 命令注释掉。

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(max)
;WITH fkeys AS (
    SELECT quotename(s.name) + '.' + quotename(o.name) tablename, quotename(fk.name) constraintname 
    FROM sys.foreign_keys fk
    JOIN sys.objects o ON fk.parent_object_id = o.object_id
    JOIN sys.schemas s ON o.schema_id = s.schema_id
)
SELECT @SQL = STUFF((SELECT '; ALTER TABLE ' + tablename + ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + constraintname
FROM fkeys
FOR XML PATH('')),1,2,'')

-- EXECUTE(@sql)

SELECT @SQL = STUFF((SELECT '; DROP TABLE ' + quotename(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + quotename(TABLE_NAME) 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES 
FOR XML PATH('')),1,2,'')

-- EXECUTE(@sql)

1
投票

这是实现解决方案的完整脚本:

create Procedure [dev].DeleteTablesFromSchema
(
    @schemaName varchar(500)
)
As 
begin
    declare @constraintSchemaName nvarchar(128), @constraintTableName nvarchar(128),  @constraintName nvarchar(128)
    declare @sql nvarchar(max)
    -- delete FK first
    declare cur1 cursor for
    select distinct 
    CASE WHEN t2.[object_id] is NOT NULL  THEN  s2.name ELSE s.name END as SchemaName,
    CASE WHEN t2.[object_id] is NOT NULL  THEN  t2.name ELSE t.name END as TableName,
    CASE WHEN t2.[object_id] is NOT NULL  THEN  OBJECT_NAME(d2.constraint_object_id) ELSE OBJECT_NAME(d.constraint_object_id) END as ConstraintName
    from sys.objects t 
        inner join sys.schemas s 
            on t.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
        left join sys.foreign_key_columns d 
            on  d.parent_object_id = t.[object_id]
        left join sys.foreign_key_columns d2 
            on  d2.referenced_object_id = t.[object_id]
        inner join sys.objects t2 
            on  d2.parent_object_id = t2.[object_id]
        inner join sys.schemas s2 
            on  t2.[schema_id] = s2.[schema_id]
    WHERE t.[type]='U' 
        AND t2.[type]='U'
        AND t.is_ms_shipped = 0 
        AND t2.is_ms_shipped = 0 
        AND s.Name=@schemaName
    open cur1
    fetch next from cur1 into @constraintSchemaName, @constraintTableName, @constraintName
    while @@fetch_status = 0
    BEGIN
        set @sql ='ALTER TABLE ' + @constraintSchemaName + '.' + @constraintTableName+' DROP CONSTRAINT '+@constraintName+';'
        exec(@sql)
        fetch next from cur1 into @constraintSchemaName, @constraintTableName, @constraintName
    END
    close cur1
    deallocate cur1

    DECLARE @tableName nvarchar(128)
    declare cur2 cursor for
    select s.Name, p.Name
    from sys.objects p
        INNER JOIN sys.schemas s ON p.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
    WHERE p.[type]='U' and is_ms_shipped = 0 
    AND s.Name=@schemaName
    ORDER BY s.Name, p.Name
    open cur2

    fetch next from cur2 into @schemaName,@tableName
    while @@fetch_status = 0
    begin
        set @sql ='DROP TABLE ' + @schemaName + '.' + @tableName
        exec(@sql)
        fetch next from cur2 into @schemaName,@tableName
    end

    close cur2
    deallocate cur2

end
go

1
投票
Removing Referenced FOREIGN KEY Constraints
Assuming there is a parent and child table Relationship in SQL Server:

--First find the name of the Foreign Key Constraint:
  SELECT * 
  FROM sys.foreign_keys
  WHERE referenced_object_id = object_id('States')

--Then Find foreign keys referencing to dbo.Parent(States) table:
   SELECT name AS 'Foreign Key Constraint Name', 
           OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(parent_object_id) + '.' + OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) AS 'Child Table'
   FROM sys.foreign_keys 
   WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(referenced_object_id) = 'dbo' AND 
              OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = 'dbo.State'

 -- Drop the foreign key constraint by its name 
   ALTER TABLE dbo.cities DROP CONSTRAINT FK__cities__state__6442E2C9;

 -- You can also use the following T-SQL script to automatically find 
 --and drop all foreign key constraints referencing to the specified parent 
 -- table:

 BEGIN

DECLARE @stmt VARCHAR(300);

-- Cursor to generate ALTER TABLE DROP CONSTRAINT statements  
 DECLARE cur CURSOR FOR
 SELECT 'ALTER TABLE ' + OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(parent_object_id) + '.' + 
 OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) +
                ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + name
 FROM sys.foreign_keys 
 WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(referenced_object_id) = 'dbo' AND 
            OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = 'states';

 OPEN cur;
 FETCH cur INTO @stmt;

 -- Drop each found foreign key constraint 
  WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
  BEGIN
    EXEC (@stmt);
    FETCH cur INTO @stmt;
  END

  CLOSE cur;
  DEALLOCATE cur;

  END
  GO

--Now you can drop the parent table:

 DROP TABLE states;
--# Command(s) completed successfully.

0
投票

使用 SQL Server Manager,您可以从 UI 中删除外键约束。如果要删除表

Diary
但 User 表有一个外键
DiaryId
指向
Diary
表,您可以展开(使用加号)
User
表,然后展开
Foreign Keys
部分。右键单击指向日记表的外键,然后选择
Delete
。然后,您可以展开
Columns
部分,右键单击并删除
DiaryId
列。然后你就可以运行:

drop table Diary

我知道您的实际问题是关于删除所有表,因此这对于这种情况可能没有用。但是,如果您只想删除一些表,我相信这是有用的(标题没有明确提到删除所有表)。


0
投票

执行以下代码以获取阻止您删除的外键约束名称。例如,我采用

roles
表。

      SELECT *
      FROM sys.foreign_keys
      WHERE referenced_object_id = object_id('roles');

      SELECT name AS 'Foreign Key Constraint Name',
      OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(parent_object_id) + '.' + OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)
      AS 'Child Table' FROM sys.foreign_keys
      WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(referenced_object_id) = 'dbo'
      AND OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = 'dbo.roles'

您将获得如下 FK 名称:

FK__Table1__roleId__1X1H55C1

现在运行以下代码以删除从上面获得的 FK 引用。

ALTER TABLE dbo.users drop CONSTRAINT FK__Table1__roleId__1X1H55C1;

完成!


0
投票

如果您使用的是 mysql 服务器(不是 MSSQL)并且您不介意丢失表,则可以使用简单的查询一次删除多个表:

SET foreign_key_checks = 0;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table_a,table_b,table_c,table_etc;
SET foreign_key_checks = 1;

通过这种方式,在查询中使用表的顺序并不重要。

如果有人要说,如果您有一个包含许多表的数据库,这不是一个好的解决方案:我同意!


0
投票

找到所有外键..编写它们的脚本

SELECT *  FROM sys.foreign_keys
WHERE referenced_object_id = object_id('Student')

然后从子表中删除外键。 现在你可以删除父表了。

如果您想重新创建父表,请确保运行您之前创建的脚本。


0
投票

此脚本将允许您使用约束名称上的字符串匹配来删除所有外键约束

    DECLARE @constraintMatchString nvarchar(max) = N'FK_<SOME-MATCH-STRING>%';
    DECLARE @sql nvarchar(max) = N'';

    ;WITH x (schemaAndTableName, constraintName) AS 
    (
      SELECT 
        schemaAndTableName = QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(parent_object_id)) + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)),
        constraintName = name
      FROM sys.foreign_keys
      where name like @constraintMatchString
      group by QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(parent_object_id)) + '.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)), name
    )
    SELECT @sql += N'ALTER TABLE ' + schemaAndTableName + N' DROP CONSTRAINT [' +constraintName +N'];
    ' FROM x;

    EXEC sys.sp_executesql @sql;

只需根据需要替换

FK_<SOME-MATCH-STRING>%
值(请注意,
%
是通配符匹配)


-5
投票

如果您想要

DROP
已被其他表使用外键引用的表,请使用

DROP TABLE *table_name* CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;

我认为它应该适合你。


-11
投票

如果我想删除里面所有的表 我的数据库

然后删除整个数据库就容易多了:

DROP DATABASE WorkerPensions
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