未引用的程序集“mscorlib”中预期引用的类型，而是使用当前翻译单元中定义的类型

Question

我有一个 c++/CLI 项目，它给了我奇怪的错误：

Severity    Code    Description Project File    Line    Suppression State
Error   LNK2022 metadata operation failed (801311D7) :  Walter.Net.IDS.WFP  C:\Users\Administrator\source\Workspaces\IDPS\vesnx\Walter.Net.IDS.WFP\PacketInspector.obj  1   

和：

Severity    Code    Description Project File    Line    Suppression State
Error   LNK1255 link failed because of metadata errors  Walter.Net.IDS.WFP  C:\Users\Administrator\source\Workspaces\IDPS\vesnx\Walter.Net.IDS.WFP\LINK 1

然后我有 24 个与在 Visual Studio 2022 生成的文件中找不到 mscorlib 相关的问题。 我认为问题出在我的私人领域：cliext::vector^ _filterList;

// ***********************************************************************
// Assembly         : Walter.Net.IDS.WFP
// Author           : W2307
// Created          : 02-10-2023
//
// Last Modified By : W2307
// Last Modified On : 04-10-2023
// ***********************************************************************
// <copyright file="PacketInspector.h" company="VESNX SA">
//     Walter Verhoeven, Lambert Snellinx
// </copyright>
// <summary>
// Adapter pattern over WFP framework that will allow the post-processing of
// packages send and received by 
// </summary>
// ***********************************************************************
#pragma once


#include <cliext/vector>  // For CLI vector
#include "WfpEventArgs.h" // Include the header for WfpEventArgs
#include "FilterInfo.h"
#include "LoggerHelper.h"

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::ObjectModel;  // For ReadOnlyCollection
//using namespace Microsoft::Extensions::Logging;

namespace Walter {
    namespace Net {
        namespace IDS {
            namespace WFP {
                public ref class PacketInspector sealed {
                public:

                    // Define the delegate (if using non-standard C++ syntax)                    
                    delegate void WfpEventHandler(Object^ sender, WfpEventArgs^ e);

                    // Declare the event using the delegate see OnPacketReceived                  
                    event WfpEventHandler^ WfpEvent;

                    /// <summary>
                    /// create the package inspector class for monitoring communications from remote ip 
                    /// addresses as well as local ip addresses and ports.
                    /// </summary>
                    /// <param name="logger">pass logger to the packet inspector to instrument the code execution</param>
                    //PacketInspector(ILogger^ logger);
                    PacketInspector();

                    /// <summary>
                    /// free resources
                    /// </summary>
                    ~PacketInspector();

                    /// <summary>
                    /// capture local ip address and port data
                    /// </summary>
                    /// <param name="ipAddress">Local IP address to monitor</param>
                    /// <param name="port">Port to filter on</param>
                    /// <returns>True if filter and callout are active</returns>
                    bool StartCaptureIp(String^ ipAddress, int port); // Starts capturing packets

                    /// <summary>
                    /// Capture remote ip address interaction
                    /// </summary>
                    /// <param name="ipAddress">Remote IP address to monitor</param>
                    /// <returns>True if filter and callout are active</returns>
                    bool StartCapture(String^ ipAddress); // Starts capturing packets
                    /// <summary>
                    /// stops processing the remote IP address
                    /// </summary>
                    /// <param name="ipAddress">the remote ip address</param>
                    /// <returns>true if processing was successful terminated</returns>
                    bool StopCapture(String^ ipAddress);  // Stops capturing packets
                    /// <summary>
                    /// stops processing the local ip address and port
                    /// </summary>
                    /// <param name="ipAddress">the local ip address</param>
                    /// <param name="port">the local port</param>
                    /// <returns>true if processing was successful terminated</returns>
                    bool StopCaptureIp(String^ ipAddress, int port); // Starts capturing packets
                    
                    /// <summary>
                    /// get the filters we detected to be active on the packet inspector registered ip addresses
                    /// </summary>
                    property ReadOnlyCollection<FilterInfo^>^ Filters {
                        ReadOnlyCollection<FilterInfo^>^ get();
                    }

                    
                protected:
                    /// <summary>
                    /// Triggers the delegate
                    /// </summary>
                    /// <param name="e">the event</param>
                    void OnPacketReceived(WfpEventArgs^ e) {
                        //todo, do not call it directly but enqueue this in a buffer the processing thread will/ should dequeue it ensuring non-blocking interaction
                        WfpEvent(this, e);
                    }

                private:
                    /// <summary>
                    /// test if the IP address is valid
                    /// </summary>
                    /// <param name="ipAddress">the string we assume is a ip address</param>
                    /// <returns>true if a ip address</returns>
                    bool IsValidIP(String^ ipAddress);

                    /// <summary>
                    /// contains the filters
                    /// </summary>
                    cliext::vector<FilterInfo^>^ _filterList;

                    LoggerHelper^ _logger;
                };


            }
        }
    }
}

大家有什么建议吗？

Answer 1

这很可能是 CLI 和模板的另一个问题。 我怀疑您对代码中的向量<..>的怀疑是正确的。如果我们的怀疑是正确的，我可以想出两种方法：

1. 避免在 ref 类标头中使用模板（例如，在标头中使用指针等原始类型，并使用 PImpl 隐藏源文件中的模板使用，是的，它很丑陋，而且并不总是可行）。这将需要一些额外的包装，但会避免将来出现类似问题。
2. 实例化头文件中使用的任何模板类型以强制编译器创建特定类型。在您的情况下，请在标题中添加类似：

   template ref class cliext::vector<FilterInfo^>;

   的内容。您可能也需要对其他模板类型执行此操作。