R中的聚集函数以匹配字符串中的模式

Question

我想将宽桌子重整为长桌子。我要收集的列具有模式。现在，我只设法按照他们的位置来收集他们。我如何更改此设置以通过列名称中的模式收集它们？请仅使用收集功能。

dput(head(test1, 1))
    structure(list(startdate = "2019-11-06", id = "POL55", m0_9 = NA_real_, 
        m10_19 = NA_real_, m20_29 = NA_real_, m30_39 = NA_real_, 
        m40_49 = 32, m50_59 = NA_real_, m60_69 = NA_real_, m70 = NA_real_, 
        f0_9 = 32, f10_19 = NA_real_, f20_29 = NA_real_, f30_39 = NA_real_, 
        f40_49 = NA_real_, f50_59 = NA_real_, f60_69 = NA_real_, 
        f70 = NA_real_), row.names = c(NA, -1L), class = c("tbl_df", 
    "tbl", "data.frame"))

df_age2 <- test1 %>%
  gather(age_bucket, count, m0_9:f70 )
df_age2

Answer 1

使用starts_with：

test1 %>% 
  gather(age_bucket, count, c(starts_with("m"), starts_with("f")))

Answer 2

我们可以使用pivot_longer中的tidyr

 library(dplyr)
 library(tidyr)
 test1 %>% 
    pivot_longer(cols = -c(startdate, id), names_to = c('.value', 'grp'), names_sep="_")