如何生成可打印的 PDF 文件(美国信纸大小),使每个页面代表一个月,并进行分区,以便该月的每一天都有一个相同大小的框?如果我想跳过周末而只显示工作日怎么办?
我将使用哪些 Python 模块来完成以下任务?:
你可以用3个包来完成。 “Reportlab”用于生成 pdf,“calendar”用于获取月份作为列表的列表,“Ghostscript”的 python 绑定用于将生成的 pdf 转换为 png。
您首先从日历包中获取数据,使用 Reportlab 生成美国信纸大小的页面。可以对表格进行操作,使其具有网格,使每个单元格具有相同大小的框,并更改文本字体、大小和对齐方式。
如果您只想要 pdf,您可以保留它,或者您可以使用 Ghostscript python 绑定将此 pdf 转换为图像。或者,如果您愿意,可以使用 system('gs ...') 运行“Ghostscript”。另外,必须安装 Ghostscript 才能使 python 'Ghostscript' 包正常工作。
如果您想过滤掉所有周末,那么您可以对日历数据使用良好的老式列表操作。
以下是如何生成 pdf 的示例。我不会只用一个月就完成一整年,我也不会费心过滤掉零。
from reportlab.lib.units import inch
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Table, TableStyle
from reportlab.graphics.shapes import Drawing
import calendar
doc = SimpleDocTemplate('calendar.pdf', pagesize=letter)
cal = [['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']]
cal.extend(calendar.monthcalendar(2011,9))
table = Table(cal, 7*[inch], len(cal) * [inch])
table.setStyle(TableStyle([
('FONT', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 'Helvetica'),
('FONT', (0, 0), (-1, 0), 'Helvetica-Bold'),
('FONTSIZE', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
('INNERGRID', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.25, colors.black),
('BOX', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.25, colors.green),
('ALIGN', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 'CENTER'),
('VALIGN', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 'MIDDLE'),
]))
#create the pdf with this
doc.build([table])
如果您想要另一个页面,请添加 PageBreak(),然后将下一个日历添加到传递给 doc.build() 的列表中。 PageBreak 是 reportlab.platypus 的一部分。
并将pdf转换为png
import ghostscript
args = ['gs', #it seems not to matter what is put in 1st position
'-dSAFER',
'-dBATCH',
'-dNOPAUSE',
'-sDEVICE=png16m',
'-r100',
'-sOutputFile=calendar.png',
'calendar.pdf']
ghostscript.Ghostscript(*args)
reportlab 和 Ghostscript 包都可以通过 pip 获得。我在“virtualenv”环境中创建了上述内容。
报告实验室 http://www.reportlab.com/software/opensource/rl-toolkit/
Ghostscript python 绑定 https://bitbucket.org/htgoebel/python-ghostscript
calendar 是标准 python 库的一部分。
对于任何离开 Google 的人来说,一位名叫 Bill Mill 的人编写了一个 公共域模块 ,它使得使用 reportlab 生成日历就像此示例文本一样简单。
from pdf_calendar import createCalendar
#create a December, 2005 PDF
c = createCalendar(12, 2005, filename="blog_calendar.pdf")
#now add January, 2006 to the end
createCalendar(1, 2006, canvas=c)
c.save()
我提供的链接中还有示例输出,虽然它简单且简洁,但看起来不错(类似于您从 Scribus 的“制作日历”脚本中获得的结果),并且将为未来的增强功能提供一个极好的起点.
完整代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Create a PDF calendar.
This script requires Python and Reportlab
( http://reportlab.org/rl_toolkit.html ). Tested only with Python 2.4 and
Reportlab 1.2.
See bottom of file for an example of usage. No command-line interface has been
added, but it would be trivial to do so. Furthermore, this script is pretty
hacky, and could use some refactoring, but it works for what it's intended
to do.
Created by Bill Mill on 11/16/05, this script is in the public domain. There
are no express warranties, so if you mess stuff up with this script, it's not
my fault.
If you have questions or comments or bugfixes or flames, please drop me a line
at [email protected] .
"""
from reportlab.lib import pagesizes
from reportlab.pdfgen.canvas import Canvas
import calendar, time, datetime
from math import floor
NOW = datetime.datetime.now()
SIZE = pagesizes.landscape(pagesizes.letter)
class NoCanvasError(Exception): pass
def nonzero(row):
return len([x for x in row if x!=0])
def createCalendar(month, year=NOW.year, canvas=None, filename=None, \
size=SIZE):
"""
Create a one-month pdf calendar, and return the canvas
month: can be an integer (1=Jan, 12=Dec) or a month abbreviation (Jan, Feb,
etc.
year: year in which month falls. Defaults to current year.
canvas: you may pass in a canvas to add a calendar page to the end.
filename: String containing the file to write the calendar to
size: size, in points of the canvas to write on
"""
if type(month) == type(''):
month = time.strptime(month, "%b")[1]
if canvas is None and filename is not None:
canvas = Canvas(filename, size)
elif canvas is None and filename is None:
raise NoCanvasError
monthname = time.strftime("%B", time.strptime(str(month), "%m"))
cal = calendar.monthcalendar(year, month)
width, height = size
#draw the month title
title = monthname + ' ' + str(year)
canvas.drawCentredString(width / 2, height - 27, title)
height = height - 40
#margins
wmar, hmar = width/50, height/50
#set up constants
width, height = width - (2*wmar), height - (2*hmar)
rows, cols = len(cal), 7
lastweek = nonzero(cal[-1])
firstweek = nonzero(cal[0])
weeks = len(cal)
rowheight = floor(height / rows)
boxwidth = floor(width/7)
#draw the bottom line
canvas.line(wmar, hmar, wmar+(boxwidth*lastweek), hmar)
#now, for all complete rows, draw the bottom line
for row in range(1, len(cal[1:-1]) + 1):
y = hmar + (row * rowheight)
canvas.line(wmar, y, wmar + (boxwidth * 7), y)
#now draw the top line of the first full row
y = hmar + ((rows-1) * rowheight)
canvas.line(wmar, y, wmar + (boxwidth * 7), y)
#and, then the top line of the first row
startx = wmar + (boxwidth * (7-firstweek))
endx = startx + (boxwidth * firstweek)
y = y + rowheight
canvas.line(startx, y, endx, y)
#now draw the vert lines
for col in range(8):
#1 = don't draw line to first or last; 0 = do draw
last, first = 1, 1
if col <= lastweek: last = 0
if col >= 7 - firstweek: first = 0
x = wmar + (col * boxwidth)
starty = hmar + (last * rowheight)
endy = hmar + (rows * rowheight) - (first * rowheight)
canvas.line(x, starty, x, endy)
#now fill in the day numbers and any data
x = wmar + 6
y = hmar + (rows * rowheight) - 15
for week in cal:
for day in week:
if day:
canvas.drawString(x, y, str(day))
x = x + boxwidth
y = y - rowheight
x = wmar + 6
#finish this page
canvas.showPage()
return canvas
if __name__ == "__main__":
#create a December, 2005 PDF
c = createCalendar(12, 2005, filename="blog_calendar.pdf")
#now add January, 2006 to the end
createCalendar(1, 2006, canvas=c)
c.save()
编辑2017-11-25:我必须重构它以供自己使用,所以我想我会在这里分享它。最新版本将始终在 在此 GitHub Gist 中,但是,在下面,我包含了在它依赖 PyEphem 来计算月相等内容之前的最后一个修订版:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Generate a printable calendar in PDF format, suitable for embedding
into another document.
Tested with Python 2.7 and 3.8.
Dependencies:
- Python
- Reportlab
Resources Used:
- https://stackoverflow.com/a/37443801/435253
(Originally present at http://billmill.org/calendar )
- https://www.reportlab.com/docs/reportlab-userguide.pdf
Originally created by Bill Mill on 11/16/05, this script is in the public
domain. There are no express warranties, so if you mess stuff up with this
script, it's not my fault.
Refactored and improved 2017-11-23 by Stephan Sokolow (http://ssokolow.com/).
TODO:
- Implement diagonal/overlapped cells for months which touch six weeks to avoid
wasting space on six rows.
"""
from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function,
with_statement, unicode_literals)
__author__ = "Bill Mill; Stephan Sokolow (deitarion/SSokolow)"
__license__ = "CC0-1.0" # https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
import calendar, collections, datetime
from contextlib import contextmanager
from reportlab.lib import pagesizes
from reportlab.pdfgen.canvas import Canvas
# Supporting languages like French should be as simple as editing this
ORDINALS = {
1: 'st', 2: 'nd', 3: 'rd',
21: 'st', 22: 'nd', 23: 'rd',
31: 'st',
None: 'th'}
# Something to help make code more readable
Font = collections.namedtuple('Font', ['name', 'size'])
Geom = collections.namedtuple('Geom', ['x', 'y', 'width', 'height'])
Size = collections.namedtuple('Size', ['width', 'height'])
@contextmanager
def save_state(canvas):
"""Simple context manager to tidy up saving and restoring canvas state"""
canvas.saveState()
yield
canvas.restoreState()
def add_calendar_page(canvas, rect, datetime_obj, cell_cb,
first_weekday=calendar.SUNDAY):
"""Create a one-month pdf calendar, and return the canvas
@param rect: A C{Geom} or 4-item iterable of floats defining the shape of
the calendar in points with any margins already applied.
@param datetime_obj: A Python C{datetime} object specifying the month
the calendar should represent.
@param cell_cb: A callback taking (canvas, day, rect, font) as arguments
which will be called to render each cell.
(C{day} will be 0 for empty cells.)
@type canvas: C{reportlab.pdfgen.canvas.Canvas}
@type rect: C{Geom}
@type cell_cb: C{function(Canvas, int, Geom, Font)}
"""
calendar.setfirstweekday(first_weekday)
cal = calendar.monthcalendar(datetime_obj.year, datetime_obj.month)
rect = Geom(*rect)
# set up constants
scale_factor = min(rect.width, rect.height)
line_width = scale_factor * 0.0025
font = Font('Helvetica', scale_factor * 0.028)
rows = len(cal)
# Leave room for the stroke width around the outermost cells
rect = Geom(rect.x + line_width,
rect.y + line_width,
rect.width - (line_width * 2),
rect.height - (line_width * 2))
cellsize = Size(rect.width / 7, rect.height / rows)
# now fill in the day numbers and any data
for row, week in enumerate(cal):
for col, day in enumerate(week):
# Give each call to cell_cb a known canvas state
with save_state(canvas):
# Set reasonable default drawing parameters
canvas.setFont(*font)
canvas.setLineWidth(line_width)
cell_cb(canvas, day, Geom(
x=rect.x + (cellsize.width * col),
y=rect.y + ((rows - row) * cellsize.height),
width=cellsize.width, height=cellsize.height),
font, scale_factor)
# finish this page
canvas.showPage()
return canvas
def draw_cell(canvas, day, rect, font, scale_factor):
"""Draw a calendar cell with the given characteristics
@param day: The date in the range 0 to 31.
@param rect: A Geom(x, y, width, height) tuple defining the shape of the
cell in points.
@param scale_factor: A number which can be used to calculate sizes which
will remain proportional to the size of the entire calendar.
(Currently the length of the shortest side of the full calendar)
@type rect: C{Geom}
@type font: C{Font}
@type scale_factor: C{float}
"""
# Skip drawing cells that don't correspond to a date in this month
if not day:
return
margin = Size(font.size * 0.5, font.size * 1.3)
# Draw the cell border
canvas.rect(rect.x, rect.y - rect.height, rect.width, rect.height)
day = str(day)
ordinal_str = ORDINALS.get(int(day), ORDINALS[None])
# Draw the number
text_x = rect.x + margin.width
text_y = rect.y - margin.height
canvas.drawString(text_x, text_y, day)
# Draw the lifted ordinal number suffix
number_width = canvas.stringWidth(day, font.name, font.size)
canvas.drawString(text_x + number_width,
text_y + (margin.height * 0.1),
ordinal_str)
def generate_pdf(datetime_obj, outfile, size, first_weekday=calendar.SUNDAY):
"""Helper to apply add_calendar_page to save a ready-to-print file to disk.
@param datetime_obj: A Python C{datetime} object specifying the month
the calendar should represent.
@param outfile: The path to which to write the PDF file.
@param size: A (width, height) tuple (specified in points) representing
the target page size.
"""
size = Size(*size)
canvas = Canvas(outfile, size)
# margins
wmar, hmar = size.width / 50, size.height / 50
size = Size(size.width - (2 * wmar), size.height - (2 * hmar))
add_calendar_page(canvas,
Geom(wmar, hmar, size.width, size.height),
datetime_obj, draw_cell, first_weekday).save()
if __name__ == "__main__":
generate_pdf(datetime.datetime.now(), 'calendar.pdf',
pagesizes.landscape(pagesizes.letter))
重构后的代码有以下优点:
更新 2021-09-30: 这是最后一个代码块生成的
calendar.pdf
在 Okular 1.9.3 中以 75% 的比例查看时的样子:
(忽略不同的线宽。这只是 Okular 1.9.3 渲染错误,在某些缩放级别下会出现。)
不久前我遇到了类似的问题 - 我使用了出色的 pcal 实用程序。它不是 python,但即使作为一个 python 偏执者,我也发现从 python 获取可靠的可打印 PDF 存在严重限制 - 我的 LaTeX 不够好
http://www.itmanagerscookbook.com/Workstation/power-user/calendar.html