Django 应用程序；默认用户 ID 和模型字段“交易者 ID”不相等

Question

我正在创建一个应用程序，允许用户输入股票交易，以保存记录。我使用 Django 的默认用户模型进行登录和身份验证。我的目的是允许登录用户仅查看他们自己的“条目”，这是我的库存记录条目模型。为此，我在名为“trader”的 Entry 模型中创建了一个一对多关系，该关系指向用户 ID（它们应该相同）。

登录后，即使已输入，我在屏幕上看不到任何交易。我检查了数据库，Entry.trader.id 与 User.id 的编号相同（在创建的第一个用户的情况下为 1）。很奇怪。

我尝试过的：我尝试从我的views.py EntryView类中删除这一行：

entries = Entry.objects.filter(trader_id=logged_in_user).order_by("entered_date") 

并将其替换为：

entries = Entry.objects.all()

这有效（证明记录在那里），但现在它显示所有条目。

我的模型.py：

from django.db import models
from django.core.validators import MinValueValidator, MaxValueValidator
from django.urls import reverse
from django.utils.text import slugify
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class Entry(models.Model):
    ONEORB="1-Min ORB"
    FIVEORB="5-Min ORB"
    ABCD="ABCD"
    REVERSAL="Reversal"
    PROFIT="Profit"
    LOSS="Loss"
    RESULT_CHOICES = (
        (PROFIT, "Profit"),
        (LOSS, "Loss")
    )
    STRATEGY_CHOICES = (
        (ONEORB,"1-Min ORB"),
        (FIVEORB,"5-Min ORB"),
        (ABCD,"ABCD"),
        (REVERSAL,"Reversal")
    )

    entered_date=models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
    ticker=models.CharField(max_length=8, default="")
    strategy=models.CharField(max_length=12, choices=STRATEGY_CHOICES, default="ONEORB")
    result=models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=RESULT_CHOICES, default="PROFIT")
    comments=models.TextField(max_length=300, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", null=True, blank=True) #will save to default BASE_DIR which is 'uploads'
    trader = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=False, blank=False, related_name="entries")

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.result} {self.entered_date}"

我的观点.py：

from django.forms.models import BaseModelForm
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.views import View
from django.contrib import messages
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from .forms import EntryForm, CreateUserForm, LoginForm
from .models import Entry
from django.views.generic.edit import DeleteView, FormView
# Authentication models and functions
from django.contrib.auth.views import LoginView, LogoutView
#this is to ensure that even after you have your login setup, a user can't just manually type in the URL
from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin


# Create your views here. 

class EntryView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
  login_url = 'login'
  def get(self, request):
    logged_in_user = request.user.id
    entries = Entry.objects.filter(trader_id=logged_in_user).order_by("entered_date") #trader"_" id instead of .id is just django syntax
    #entries = Entry.objects.all()
    form = EntryForm()
    return render(request, "entries.html", {"form":form, "entries":entries, "user":logged_in_user})
  
  def post(self, request):
    form = EntryForm(request.POST, request.FILES) #must add request.FILES for uploads
    if form.is_valid():
      form.save()
      messages.success(request, "Entry created!")
      return redirect("/")
    else:
      messages.error(request, "Please correct the errors below.")
      return render(request, "entries.html", {"form":form})

    
def SingleEntryView(request, pk):
    entry = Entry.objects.get(pk=pk)

    if request.method == 'POST':
        # Initialize the form with the existing Entry data
        form = EntryForm(request.POST, request.FILES, instance=entry)
        if form.is_valid():
            # Set the user and save the updated data
            form.instance.user = request.user
            form.save()
            # Redirect to a success page (e.g., 'index')
    else:
        # Initialize the form with the existing Entry data
        form = EntryForm(instance=entry)
    context = {'form': form, 'entry': entry}
    return render(request, "single_entry.html", context)
  
class SingleEntryDeleteView(LoginRequiredMixin, DeleteView): 
  template_name = "single_entry.html"
  model = Entry
  success_url = reverse_lazy("index")
  success_message = "Entry has been deleted."

  def delete(self, request):
    messages.success(self.request, "Successfully deleted.")
    return super().delete()

def register(request):
    form = CreateUserForm()

    if request.method == "POST":
       form = CreateUserForm(request.POST)
       if form.is_valid():
          print("User data created")
          form.instance.user = request.user
          form.save()
          return redirect("/") 
    
    else:
       form = CreateUserForm()

    context = {'registerform':form}
    return render(request, "register.html", context)   
  
# class RegisterFormView(FormView):
#    form = CreateUserForm
#    template_name = "register.html"
#    success_url = "/"

#    def form_valid(self, form):
#       form.save()
#       return super().form_valid(form)

class LoginUserView(LoginView):
   form = LoginForm
   redirect_authenticated_user = True
   template_name = "login.html"
   next_page = "/"
   authentication_form = LoginForm
   context = {'form':form}

   def form_invalid(self, form):
      messages.error(self.request, 'Invalid usename or password')
      return self.render_to_response(self.get_context_data(form=form))

我的条目.html（索引页）：

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% if messages %}
<ul class="messages">
    {% for message in messages %}
    <li{% if message.tags %} class="{{ message.tags }}"{% endif %}>{{ message }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endif %}

{% block title %}
    Trading Journal
{% endblock title %}Trading Journal

{% block content %}
    <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ form }}
        <button>Submit</button>
    </form>

    <h1>Request.user.id:{{request.user.id}}</h1>
{% endblock content %}

{% block table %}

<table class="blueTable">
    <thead>
    <tr>
    <th>Date</th>
    <th>Ticker</th>
    <th>Strategy</th>
    <th>Result</th>
    <th>Comments</th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tfoot>
    <tr>
    <td colspan="5">
    <div class="links"><a href="#">&laquo;</a> <a class="active" href="#">1</a> <a href="#">2</a> <a href="#">3</a> <a href="#">4</a> <a href="#">&raquo;</a></div>
    </td>
    </tr>
    </tfoot>
    <tbody>
        {% for entry in entries %}
        <tr>
            <td><a href="{% url 'single-entry' entry.id %}">{{entry.entered_date}}</a></td><td>{{entry.ticker}}</td><td>{{entry.strategy}}</td><td>{{entry.result}}</td><td>{{entry.comments}}</td></tr>
        {% endfor %}
    
    </tbody>
    </tr>
    </table>
    {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
    <a href="{% url 'logout' %}"><button>Logout</button></a>
{% endif %}
{% endblock table %}

我的网址.py：

from django.urls import path
from django.contrib import admin
from . import views
from django.contrib.auth.views import LogoutView 

urlpatterns = [
    path("", views.EntryView.as_view(), name="index"),
    path("entries/<int:pk>/delete", views.SingleEntryDeleteView.as_view(), name="single-entry-delete"),
    path("entries/<int:pk>/", views.SingleEntryView, name="single-entry"),
    path("register/", views.register, name="register"),
    path("login/", views.LoginUserView.as_view(), name="login"),
    path("logout/", views.LogoutView.as_view(next_page="login"), name="logout"),
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls)
]

我的forms.py：

from django import forms
from .models import Entry

# Authentication modules start here
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, AuthenticationForm
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.forms.widgets import PasswordInput, TextInput

# Form to create a journal entry
class EntryForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model=Entry
        exclude = ["trader"]

# Create / register a user
class CreateUserForm(UserCreationForm):
    
    class Meta:
        model = User #default django User model
        fields = ['username', 'email', 'password1', 'password2']


# Authenticate a user
class LoginForm(AuthenticationForm):

    username = forms.CharField(widget=TextInput())
    password = forms.CharField(widget=PasswordInput())

Answer 1

我假设我的模型在定义“Entry”模型时会为“trader”分配一个值，但现在我发现我需要在我的视图中显式地为其分配一个值。在调用 form.save() 之前，我已在 view.py 中添加了这一行：

if form.is_valid():
      form.instance.trader = request.user 
      form.save()