Python Web3 Ganache - BuildTransaction 上的回溯错误

Question

我正在 YouTube 上学习 freeCodeCamp 课程，并且在跑步时发现了一个错误。当我试图在 Ganache 中建立一个交易时。我在 Ganache 日志中看到也有活动。第一次发帖，请告诉我还应该提供哪些信息！

课程：Solidity、区块链和智能合约课程 – 从初学者到专家的 Python 教程

transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
    {"chainId": chain_id, "from": my_address, "nonce": nonce}
)

终端返回的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Justin\demos\web3_py_simple_storage\deploy.py",
line 60, in <module>
    transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\eth_utils\decorators.py", line 18, in _wrapper
    return self.method(obj, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\contract.py", line 684, in buildTransaction
    return fill_transaction_defaults(self.web3, built_transaction)
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 250, in cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\_utils\transactions.py", line 121, in fill_transaction_defaults
    default_val = default_getter(web3, transaction)
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\_utils\transactions.py", line 67, in <lambda>
    'gas': lambda web3, tx: web3.eth.estimate_gas(tx),
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\eth.py", line 759, in estimate_gas
    return self._estimate_gas(transaction, block_identifier)
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\module.py", line 57, in caller
    result = w3.manager.request_blocking(method_str,
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\manager.py", line 197, in request_blocking
    response = self._make_request(method, params)
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\manager.py", line 150, in _make_request
    return request_func(method, params)
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 250, in cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 76, in apply_formatters
    response = make_request(method, params)
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\middleware\gas_price_strategy.py", line 90,
in middleware
    return make_request(method, params)
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 250, in cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 74, in apply_formatters
    response = make_request(method, formatted_params)
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\middleware\attrdict.py", line 33, in middleware
    response = make_request(method, params)
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 250, in cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 74, in apply_formatters
    response = make_request(method, formatted_params)
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 250, in cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 73, in apply_formatters
    formatted_params = formatter(params)
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 503, in cytoolz.functoolz.Compose.__call__
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 250, in cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\eth_utils\decorators.py", line 91, in wrapper
    return ReturnType(result)  # type: ignore
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\eth_utils\applicators.py", line 22, in apply_formatter_at_index
    yield formatter(item)
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 250, in cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\eth_utils\functional.py", line 45, in inner
    return callback(fn(*args, **kwargs))
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\eth_utils\applicators.py", line 84, in apply_formatters_to_dict
    yield key, formatters[key](item)
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 250, in cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\eth_utils\applicators.py", line 72, in apply_formatter_if
    return formatter(value)
  File "cytoolz\functoolz.pyx", line 250, in cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
  File "C:\Users\Justin\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\web3\middleware\validation.py", line 57, in validate_chain_id
    raise ValidationError(
web3.exceptions.ValidationError: The transaction declared chain ID 5777, but the connected node is on 1337

我使用的完整代码如下：

from solcx import compile_standard, install_solc
import json
from web3 import Web3

with open("./SimpleStorage.sol", "r") as file:
    simple_storage_file = file.read()

# Compile Our Solidity
print("Installing...")
install_solc("0.6.0")

compiled_sol = compile_standard(
    {
        "language": "Solidity",
        "sources": {"SimpleStorage.sol": {"content": simple_storage_file}},
        "settings": {
            "outputSelection": {
                "*": {
                    "*": [
                        "abi",
                        "metadata",
                        "evm.bytecode",
                        "evm.bytecode.sourceMap",
                    ]
                }
            }
        },
    },
    solc_version="0.6.0",
)

with open("compiled_code.json", "w") as file:
    json.dump(compiled_sol, file)

# get bytecode
bytecode = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["evm"][
    "bytecode"
]["object"]

# get abi
abi = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["abi"]

# for connecting to ganache
w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider("http://127.0.0.1:7545"))
chain_id = 5777
my_address = "0xf2580f5ddfFb89e69A12a7CbCa8CA175Df4cBe08"
private_key = "0x937073896304af4297e6bbb3a3c623689d48388aa8595058752fafb522b31a13"

# Create the contract in python
SimpleStorage = w3.eth.contract(abi=abi, bytecode=bytecode)
print(SimpleStorage)

# Get the latest transaction
nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(my_address)
print(nonce)

# 1. Build a transaction
# 2. Sign a transaction
# 3. Send a transaction
transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
    {"chainId": chain_id, "from": my_address, "nonce": nonce}
)
print(transaction)

Answer 1

从 web3.py 的 5.25.0 开始，我们现在需要使用本地 Ganache 链将 GasPrice 添加到交易中。添加

"gasPrice": w3.eth.gas_price

应该可以解决您在交易中的问题。

完整示例：

transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
    {
        "chainId": chain_id,
        "gasPrice": w3.eth.gas_price,
        "from": my_address,
        "nonce": nonce,
    }
)

Answer 2

在 .buildTransaction 中使用以下行：

transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
{'from': address, 'nonce':nonce, 'chainId':chain_id,'gas': 1728712,
'gasPrice': w3.toWei('21', 'gwei')})

并更改chain_id = 1337。

Answer 3

该交易声明链ID为5777，但连接的节点位于1337。 您必须更改您的 chain_id:

链_id = 5777❌

但请使用下面的

链_id = 1337✔

Answer 4

我遇到了完全相同的问题。包括"gasPrice": w3.eth.gas_price,本来解决了，但是又回来了。

经过一些调整，我发现铸造

chain_id

（因为我也是从

.env得到的）

作为

int解决了我的问题。所以完整的代码如下所示：

transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
    {
        "chainId": int(chain_id),
        "gasPrice": w3.eth.gas_price,
        "from": my_address,
        "nonce": nonce,
    }
)

Answer 5

web3.exceptions.ValidationError: The transaction declared chain ID 5777, but the connected node is on 1337

在 Ganache 中，您可以在“设置”>“服务器”>“网络 ID”下更改网络 ID。将其更改为 1337 并重新启动 Ganache。