我有一个表单，并且其中一个字段是MultipleChoiceField。表单使用Materialize以模态呈现。我在用表格呈现选择时遇到问题，但发现此answer
我将字段更改为：
comp = forms.MultipleChoiceField(choices=COMP, widget=forms.Select(choices=COMP, attrs={'class': 'browser-default'}))
解决了渲染问题。
一旦提交表单，我希望可以查看django-tables2表中的数据，该表工作正常，但是现在我收到以下错误：
异常值：期望的表或查询集，而不是str
如果删除窗口小部件，表单将无法呈现，但是我可以提交表单并查看表中的数据。
COMP是字段选择序列。
COMP = (
('Daily', 'Daily'),
('Weekly', 'Weekly'),
('Monthly', 'Monthly'),
('Quarterly', 'Quarterly'),
('Yearly', 'Yearly'),
)
完整回溯
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 115, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 113, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 71, in view
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 97, in dispatch
return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Gary\Desktop\mysite\loan\views.py", line 119, in post
return render(request, self.template_name, {'form': form})
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\shortcuts.py", line 19, in render
content = loader.render_to_string(template_name, context, request, using=using)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\loader.py", line 62, in render_to_string
return template.render(context, request)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\backends\django.py", line 61, in render
return self.template.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 171, in render
return self._render(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 163, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 936, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 903, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\loader_tags.py", line 150, in render
return compiled_parent._render(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 163, in _render
return self.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 936, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 903, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\loader_tags.py", line 62, in render
result = block.nodelist.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 936, in render
bit = node.render_annotated(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 903, in render_annotated
return self.render(context)
File "C:\Users\Gary\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django_tables2\templatetags\django_tables2.py", line 145, in render
raise ValueError("Expected table or queryset, not {}".format(klass))
Exception Type: ValueError at /debtors/
Exception Value: Expected table or queryset, not str
forms.py
from django import forms
from loan.models import Debtor, DebtorTransaction
COMP = (
("Monthly", "Monthly"),
("Quarterly", "Quarterly"),
("Half Yearly", "Half Yearly"),
("Yearly", "Yearly"),
)
class DebtorForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(DebtorForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.fields['comp'].label = "Compounding Period"
comp = forms.MultipleChoiceField(choices=COMP, widget=forms.SelectMultiple(choices=COMP, attrs={'class': 'browser-default'}))
class Meta:
model = Debtor
widgets = {
'courtdate': forms.DateInput(attrs={'class': 'datepicker'}),
}
fields = '__all__'
exclude = [
'status',
'account',
'loan',
'number',
'unique']
class DebitTransactionForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.id = kwargs.pop('debtor', [])
super(DebitTransactionForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
class Meta:
model = DebtorTransaction
widgets = {
}
fields = '__all__'
exclude = [
'debtor',
'date',
'type',
'initiationfee',
'transaction_balance',
'interest',
'rate']
class CreditTransactionForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.id = kwargs.pop('debtor', [])
super(CreditTransactionForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
class Meta:
model = DebtorTransaction
widgets = {
}
fields = '__all__'
exclude = [
'debtor',
'date',
'type',
'initiationfee',
'transaction_balance',
'interest',
'rate']
class InitiationForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.id = kwargs.pop('debtor', [])
super(InitiationForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
class Meta:
model = DebtorTransaction
widgets = {
}
fields = '__all__'
exclude = [
'amount',
'description',
'debtor',
'date',
'type',
'transaction_balance',
'interest',
'rate']
tables.py
import django_tables2 as tables
from .models import Debtor, DebtorTransaction
from django_tables2.utils import A
def balance_footer(table):
try:
s = sum(x.debtoraccount.balance for x in table.data)
except Exception as e:
raise
return '{:,}'.format(s).replace(',', ' ')
class DebtorsTable(tables.Table):
balance = tables.Column(accessor='debtoraccount.balance', footer=balance_footer,
attrs={"td": {'style': 'text-align: right;'},
"th": {'style': 'text-align: right;'}})
courtdate = tables.DateColumn(verbose_name='Court Date', format='d F Y',
attrs={"td": {'style': 'text-align: center;'},
"th": {'style': 'text-align: center;'}})
LMS = tables.Column(attrs={"td": {'style': 'text-align: center;'}, "th": {'style': 'text-align: center;'}})
link = tables.LinkColumn('loan:debtors_with_pk', text='Open', args=[A('pk')], orderable=False, empty_values=(),
verbose_name='')
def render_balance(self, value):
return '{:,}'.format(value).replace(',', ' ')
class Meta:
model = Debtor
template_name = "django_tables2/bootstrap.html"
fields = ("name", "LMS", "courtdate")
sequence = ("link", "name", "LMS", "courtdate", "balance")
class TransactionTable(tables.Table):
transaction_balance = tables.Column(verbose_name='Balance', attrs={"td": {'style': 'text-align: right;'},
"th": {'style': 'text-align: right;'}})
amount = tables.Column(verbose_name='Amount', attrs={"td": {'style': 'text-align: right;'},
"th": {'style': 'text-align: right;'}})
type = tables.Column(verbose_name='', attrs={"td": {'style': 'text-align: center;'},
"th": {'style': 'text-align: center;'}})
date = tables.DateColumn(verbose_name='Date', format='d F Y', attrs={"td": {'style': 'text-align: center;'},
"th": {'style': 'text-align: center;'}})
def render_amount(self, value, record):
if record.type == DebtorTransaction.CREDIT:
return '- {:,}'.format(value).replace(',', ' ')
else:
return '{:,}'.format(value).replace(',', ' ')
def render_transaction_balance(self, value):
return '{:,}'.format(value).replace(',', ' ')
class Meta:
model = DebtorTransaction
template_name = "django_tables2/bootstrap.html"
fields = ("date", "description", "amount", "type", "transaction_balance")
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
from loan.forms import DebtorForm, DebitTransactionForm, CreditTransactionForm, InitiationForm
from loan.models import Debtor, DebtorAccount, DebtorTransaction
from loan.tables import DebtorsTable, TransactionTable
from django_tables2 import RequestConfig
from decimal import Decimal
class DebtorView(TemplateView):
template_name = 'loan/skuld.html'
def get(self, request, pk=None):
model = Debtor, DebtorTransaction
form1 = DebitTransactionForm()
form2 = CreditTransactionForm()
form3 = InitiationForm()
debtor = Debtor.objects.get(pk=pk)
debtor_id = debtor.id
table2 = TransactionTable(DebtorTransaction.objects.all().filter(debtor_id=debtor_id))
RequestConfig(request).configure(table2)
args = {'form1': form1, 'form2': form2, 'form3': form3, 'debtor': debtor, 'table2': table2}
return render(request, self.template_name, args)
def post(self, request, pk=None):
args = {}
if request.method == 'POST':
debtor = DebtorAccount.objects.get(pk=pk)
form1 = DebitTransactionForm(request.POST, debtor)
form2 = CreditTransactionForm(request.POST, debtor)
form3 = InitiationForm(request.POST, debtor)
success = False
if 'debit_button' in request.POST and form1.is_valid() and form3.is_valid():
publish1 = form1.save(commit=False)
publish1.debtor = DebtorAccount.objects.get(pk=pk)
publish1.type = 'DEBIT'
publish1.save()
publish3 = form3.save(commit=False)
form1 = DebitTransactionForm()
publish3.debtor = DebtorAccount.objects.get(pk=pk)
if publish3.initiationfee is True:
skuldenaar = publish1.amount
def get_initiationfee(skuldenaar):
if publish3.initiationfee is True:
if skuldenaar >= Decimal('8850'):
initiation = Decimal('1050')
else:
initiation = (skuldenaar * Decimal('0.1')) + Decimal('165')
else:
initiation = Decimal('0')
return(initiation)
publish3.amount = get_initiationfee(skuldenaar)
publish3.description = 'Initiation Fee'
publish3.type = 'INITIATION'
publish3.save()
form3 = InitiationForm()
success = True
if 'credit_button' in request.POST and form2.is_valid():
publish2 = form2.save(commit=False)
publish2.debtor = DebtorAccount.objects.get(pk=pk)
publish2.type = 'CREDIT'
publish2.save()
form2 = DebitTransactionForm()
success = True
if success:
return redirect('loan:debtors_with_pk', pk=pk)
else:
debtor = DebtorAccount.objects.get(pk=pk)
form1 = DebitTransactionForm(request.POST, debtor)
form2 = CreditTransactionForm(request.POST, debtor)
form3 = InitiationForm(request.POST, debtor)
args['form1'] = form1
args['form2'] = form2
args['form3'] = form3
return render(request, self.template_name, args)
def success(request):
return render(request, 'loan/skuld.html', {})
class AllDebtorsView(TemplateView):
template_name = 'loan/debtors.html'
def get(self, request, pk=None):
model = Debtor
form = DebtorForm()
debtors = Debtor.objects.all()
table1 = DebtorsTable(Debtor.objects.all().filter())
RequestConfig(request).configure(table1)
field_names = [f.name for f in model._meta.get_fields()]
data = [[getattr(ins, name) for name in field_names]
for ins in Debtor.objects.prefetch_related().all()]
args = {'form': form, 'field_names': field_names, 'data': data, 'debtors': debtors, 'table1': table1}
return render(request, self.template_name, args)
def post(self, request):
form = DebtorForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
form = DebtorForm
return redirect('/debtors')
return render(request, self.template_name, {'form': form})
模板
{% extends 'loan/base.html' %}
{% load render_table from django_tables2 %}
<html lang="en">
{% block title %}
All Debtors
{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
<div id="modal1" class="modal">
<div class="modal-content">
<h4>New Debtor</h4><br>
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="submit">Save</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="fixed-action-btn">
<a class="btn-floating btn-large waves-effect waves-light blue darken-1 btn modal-trigger" href="#modal1"">
<i class="large material-icons">person_add</i>
</a>
</div>
</div><br>
<div class="container">
<h5>Debtors</h5>
{% render_table table1 %}
</div>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/materialize/0.100.2/js/materialize.min.js"></script>
<script>
jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
$(".clickable-row").click(function() {
window.location = $(this).data('url');
});
});
</script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.fixed-action-btn').floatingActionButton();
});
</script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/materialize/1.0.0-beta/js/materialize.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.modal').modal();
});
</script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.datepicker').datepicker({format: 'yyyy-mm-dd', firstDay: 1});
});
</script>
{% endblock %}
</html>
我想念的是什么？我该如何解决？
[请让我知道是否应该发布其他代码，谢谢
我按照@schillingt的建议安装了django-debug-toolbar。每次删除该小部件时，该表都会呈现，但是当我用以下行运行它时，任何内容都不会传递给render_table。
comp = forms.MultipleChoiceField(choices=COMP, widget=forms.Select(choices=COMP, attrs={'class': 'browser-default'}))
根据文档，MultipleChoiceField归一化为字符串列表，而ChoiceField归一化为单个字符串。我将MultipleChoiceField更改为ChoiceField，它起作用了，提交了表单并呈现了表格。
我不完全了解更改的技术性，但是我假设每次我从上一行删除窗口小部件时，用于选择一个选项的表单输入都会消失，并且使用了模型字段的默认值，并且已呈现了表格。
我错误地认为这是导致问题的小部件。
我的理解是，表单中的MultipleChoiceField创建了一个字符串列表，并将其传递给期望一个字符串的模型。规范化为单个字符串的ChoiceField解决了该问题。
以下内容对我有用：
comp = forms.ChoiceField(choices=COMP, widget=forms.Select(attrs={'class': 'browser-default'}))