如何使用 Ruby 为终端输出的文本着色?

问题描述 投票:0回答:11

使用 Ruby,如何对终端中的输出执行背景和前景文本着色?

我记得,在编写 Pascal 程序时,我们都习惯编写自己的

textcolor(…)
程序,以使我们的小型教育程序看起来更漂亮、更有表现力。

我将如何用 Ruby 编写等效的代码?核心库中是否有任何内置支持可以实现这一点?如果没有,添加它的惯用方法是什么?

ruby colors console-application
11个回答
422
投票

更新:着色是copyleft。

所以我会尝试彩虹宝石:

https://github.com/ku1ik/rainbow

安装:

gem install rainbow

用途:

require 'rainbow/refinement'
using Rainbow

puts "I am now red".red
puts "I am now blue".blue
puts "Testing".yellow

293
投票

结合上面的答案,您可以实现类似于 gem colorize 的功能,而无需其他依赖项。

class String
  # colorization
  def colorize(color_code)
    "\e[#{color_code}m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def red
    colorize(31)
  end

  def green
    colorize(32)
  end

  def yellow
    colorize(33)
  end

  def blue
    colorize(34)
  end

  def pink
    colorize(35)
  end

  def light_blue
    colorize(36)
  end
end

284
投票

作为 String 类方法(仅限 Unix):

class String
def black;          "\e[30m#{self}\e[0m" end
def red;            "\e[31m#{self}\e[0m" end
def green;          "\e[32m#{self}\e[0m" end
def brown;          "\e[33m#{self}\e[0m" end
def blue;           "\e[34m#{self}\e[0m" end
def magenta;        "\e[35m#{self}\e[0m" end
def cyan;           "\e[36m#{self}\e[0m" end
def gray;           "\e[37m#{self}\e[0m" end

def bg_black;       "\e[40m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_red;         "\e[41m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_green;       "\e[42m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_brown;       "\e[43m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_blue;        "\e[44m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_magenta;     "\e[45m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_cyan;        "\e[46m#{self}\e[0m" end
def bg_gray;        "\e[47m#{self}\e[0m" end

def bold;           "\e[1m#{self}\e[22m" end
def italic;         "\e[3m#{self}\e[23m" end
def underline;      "\e[4m#{self}\e[24m" end
def blink;          "\e[5m#{self}\e[25m" end
def reverse_color;  "\e[7m#{self}\e[27m" end
end

及用法:

puts "I'm back green".bg_green
puts "I'm red and back cyan".red.bg_cyan
puts "I'm bold and green and backround red".bold.green.bg_red

在我的控制台中:

Enter image description here

此外,

def no_colors
  self.gsub /\e\[\d+m/, ""
end

删除格式字符。

注意

puts "\e[31m" # set format (red foreground)
puts "\e[0m"   # clear format
puts "green-#{"red".red}-green".green # will be green-red-normal, because of \e[0

48
投票

我根据 Erik Skoglund 和其他人的答案编写了一个小方法来测试基本颜色模式。

#outputs color table to console, regular and bold modes
def colortable
  names = %w(black red green yellow blue pink cyan white default)
  fgcodes = (30..39).to_a - [38]

  s = ''
  reg  = "\e[%d;%dm%s\e[0m"
  bold = "\e[1;%d;%dm%s\e[0m"
  puts '                       color table with these background codes:'
  puts '          40       41       42       43       44       45       46       47       49'
  names.zip(fgcodes).each {|name,fg|
    s = "#{fg}"
    puts "%7s "%name + "#{reg}  #{bold}   "*9 % [fg,40,s,fg,40,s,  fg,41,s,fg,41,s,  fg,42,s,fg,42,s,  fg,43,s,fg,43,s,  
      fg,44,s,fg,44,s,  fg,45,s,fg,45,s,  fg,46,s,fg,46,s,  fg,47,s,fg,47,s,  fg,49,s,fg,49,s ]
  }
end

示例输出: ruby colortest


40
投票

您可以使用 ANSI 转义序列在控制台中执行此操作。我知道这适用于 Linux 和 Mac OS X,但我不确定 Windows 控制台 (cmd) 是否支持 ANSI。

我是用Java做的,但是思路是一样的。

// Foreground color
public static final String BLACK_TEXT()   { return "\033[30m";}
public static final String RED_TEXT()     { return "\033[31m";}
public static final String GREEN_TEXT()   { return "\033[32m";}
public static final String BROWN_TEXT()   { return "\033[33m";}
public static final String BLUE_TEXT()    { return "\033[34m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_TEXT() { return "\033[35m";}
public static final String CYAN_TEXT()    { return "\033[36m";}
public static final String GRAY_TEXT()    { return "\033[37m";}

// Background color
public static final String BLACK_BACK()   { return "\033[40m";}
public static final String RED_BACK()     { return "\033[41m";}
public static final String GREEN_BACK()   { return "\033[42m";}
public static final String BROWN_BACK()   { return "\033[43m";}
public static final String BLUE_BACK()    { return "\033[44m";}
public static final String MAGENTA_BACK() { return "\033[45m";}
public static final String CYAN_BACK()    { return "\033[46m";}
public static final String WHITE_BACK()   { return "\033[47m";}

// ANSI control characters
public static final String RESET_COLORS() { return "\033[0m";}
public static final String BOLD_ON()      { return "\033[1m";}
public static final String BLINK_ON()     { return "\033[5m";}
public static final String REVERSE_ON()   { return "\033[7m";}
public static final String BOLD_OFF()     { return "\033[22m";}
public static final String BLINK_OFF()    { return "\033[25m";}
public static final String REVERSE_OFF()  { return "\033[27m";}

19
投票

虽然其他答案对大多数人来说都可以很好地完成工作,但应该提到“正确”的 Unix 方法。由于所有类型的文本终端都不支持这些序列,因此您可以查询 terminfo 数据库,这是对各种文本终端功能的抽象。这似乎主要是出于历史兴趣——当今使用的软件终端通常支持 ANSI 序列——但它确实(至少)有一个实际效果:有时能够将环境变量

TERM
设置为
dumb
很有用以避免所有此类样式,例如将输出保存到文本文件时。而且,做事情正确感觉很好。 :-)

您可以使用 ruby-terminfo gem。它需要一些C编译才能安装;我能够在我的 Ubuntu 14.10 系统下安装它:

$ sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
$ gem install ruby-terminfo --user-install

然后您可以像这样查询数据库(请参阅 terminfo 手册页以获取可用代码的列表):

require 'terminfo' 
TermInfo.control("bold")
puts "Bold text"
TermInfo.control("sgr0")
puts "Back to normal."
puts "And now some " + TermInfo.control_string("setaf", 1) + 
     "red" + TermInfo.control_string("sgr0") + " text."

这是我整理的一个小包装类,以使使用起来更加简单。

require 'terminfo'

class Style
  def self.style() 
    @@singleton ||= Style.new
  end

  colors = %w{black red green yellow blue magenta cyan white}
  colors.each_with_index do |color, index|
    define_method(color) { get("setaf", index) }
    define_method("bg_" + color) { get("setab", index) }
  end

  def bold()  get("bold")  end
  def under() get("smul")  end
  def dim()   get("dim")   end
  def clear() get("sgr0")  end

  def get(*args)
    begin
      TermInfo.control_string(*args)
    rescue TermInfo::TermInfoError
      ""
    end
  end
end

用途:

c = Style.style
C = c.clear
puts "#{c.red}Warning:#{C} this is #{c.bold}way#{C} #{c.bg_red}too much #{c.cyan + c.under}styling#{C}!"
puts "#{c.dim}(Don't you think?)#{C}"

Output of above Ruby script

(编辑)最后,如果您不想需要 gem,您可以依赖

tput
程序,如此处所述 – Ruby 示例:

puts "Hi! " + `tput setaf 1` + "This is red!" + `tput sgr0`

16
投票

我做了这个方法可以帮助你。这不是什么大不了的事,但它确实有效:

def colorize(text, color = "default", bgColor = "default")
    colors = {"default" => "38","black" => "30","red" => "31","green" => "32","brown" => "33", "blue" => "34", "purple" => "35",
     "cyan" => "36", "gray" => "37", "dark gray" => "1;30", "light red" => "1;31", "light green" => "1;32", "yellow" => "1;33",
      "light blue" => "1;34", "light purple" => "1;35", "light cyan" => "1;36", "white" => "1;37"}
    bgColors = {"default" => "0", "black" => "40", "red" => "41", "green" => "42", "brown" => "43", "blue" => "44",
     "purple" => "45", "cyan" => "46", "gray" => "47", "dark gray" => "100", "light red" => "101", "light green" => "102",
     "yellow" => "103", "light blue" => "104", "light purple" => "105", "light cyan" => "106", "white" => "107"}
    color_code = colors[color]
    bgColor_code = bgColors[bgColor]
    return "\033[#{bgColor_code};#{color_code}m#{text}\033[0m"
end

使用方法如下:

puts "#{colorize("Hello World")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "yellow")}"
puts "#{colorize("Hello World", "white","light red")}"

可能的改进可能是:

    每次调用该方法时都会定义
  • colors
    bgColors
    并且它们不会改变。
  • 添加其他选项,如
    bold
    underline
    dim

此方法不适用于

p
,因为
p
对其参数执行
inspect
操作。例如:

p "#{colorize("Hello World")}"

将显示“[0;38mHello World [0m”

我用

puts
print
和 Logger gem 对其进行了测试,效果很好。


我改进了这个并创建了一个类,因此

colors
bgColors
是类常量,
colorize
是类方法:

编辑:更好的代码风格,定义常量而不是类变量,使用符号而不是字符串,添加更多选项,例如粗体,斜体等。

class Colorizator
    COLOURS = { default: '38', black: '30', red: '31', green: '32', brown: '33', blue: '34', purple: '35',
                cyan: '36', gray: '37', dark_gray: '1;30', light_red: '1;31', light_green: '1;32', yellow: '1;33',
                light_blue: '1;34', light_purple: '1;35', light_cyan: '1;36', white: '1;37' }.freeze
    BG_COLOURS = { default: '0', black: '40', red: '41', green: '42', brown: '43', blue: '44',
                   purple: '45', cyan: '46', gray: '47', dark_gray: '100', light_red: '101', light_green: '102',
                   yellow: '103', light_blue: '104', light_purple: '105', light_cyan: '106', white: '107' }.freeze

    FONT_OPTIONS = { bold: '1', dim: '2', italic: '3', underline: '4', reverse: '7', hidden: '8' }.freeze

    def self.colorize(text, colour = :default, bg_colour = :default, **options)
        colour_code = COLOURS[colour]
        bg_colour_code = BG_COLOURS[bg_colour]
        font_options = options.select { |k, v| v && FONT_OPTIONS.key?(k) }.keys
        font_options = font_options.map { |e| FONT_OPTIONS[e] }.join(';').squeeze
        return "\e[#{bg_colour_code};#{font_options};#{colour_code}m#{text}\e[0m".squeeze(';')
    end
end

您可以通过以下方式使用它:

Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :gray, :white
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, bold: true
Colorizator.colorize "Hello World", :light_blue, :white, bold: true, underline: true

14
投票

这是我在不需要任何宝石的情况下使其工作的方法:

def red(mytext) ; "\e[31m#{mytext}\e[0m" ; end
puts red("hello world")

然后,只有引号中的文本被着色,然后您将返回到定期安排的节目。


13
投票

我找到了一些:

http://github.com/ssoroka/ansi/tree/master

示例:

puts ANSI.color(:red) { "hello there" }
puts ANSI.color(:green) + "Everything is green now" + ANSI.no_color

http://flori.github.com/term-ansicolor/

示例:

print red, bold, "red bold", reset, "\n"
print red(bold("red bold")), "\n"
print red { bold { "red bold" } }, "\n"

http://github.com/sickill/rainbow

示例:

puts "this is red".foreground(:red) + " and " + "this on yellow bg".background(:yellow) + " and " + "even bright underlined!".underline.bright

如果您使用的是 Windows,您可能需要执行“gem install win32console”以启用对颜色的支持。

如果您需要创建自己的 gem,那么文章着色控制台 Ruby 脚本输出也很有用。它解释了如何向字符串添加 ANSI 着色。您可以使用这些知识将其包装在某个扩展字符串或其他内容的类中。


9
投票

这可能对您有帮助:彩色红宝石输出


7
投票

我发现以前的答案很有用。但是,如果我想在不使用任何第三方库的情况下对日志输出之类的内容进行着色,那么它们就不符合要求。以下为我解决了这个问题: red = 31 green = 32 blue = 34 def color (color=blue) printf "\033[#{color}m"; yield printf "\033[0m" end color { puts "this is blue" } color(red) { logger.info "and this is red" }

© www.soinside.com 2019 - 2024. All rights reserved.