import pygame as pg
import numpy as np
import pyassimp
import glm
from OpenGL.GL import *
vertex_shader = """
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 projection;
uniform mat4 view;
void main(){
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
}
"""
fragment_shader = """
#version 330 core
out vec4 fragColor;
void main(){
fragColor = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0);
}
"""
class Camera3d():
def __init__(self, position=glm.vec3(0.0), rotation=glm.vec3(0.0)):
self.position = position
self.rotation = rotation
self.projection_matrix = glm.perspective(glm.radians(75), 800 / 600, 0.1, 1024)
@property
def forward(self):
forward = glm.vec3()
forward.x = glm.cos(glm.radians(self.rotation.y)) * glm.cos(glm.radians(self.rotation.x))
forward.y = glm.sin(glm.radians(self.rotation.x))
forward.z = glm.sin(glm.radians(self.rotation.y)) * glm.cos(glm.radians(self.rotation.x))
return glm.normalize(forward)
@property
def right(self):
return glm.normalize(glm.cross(self.forward, glm.vec3(0, 1, 0)))
@property
def up(self):
return glm.normalize(glm.cross(self.right, self.forward))
def update(self):
keys = pg.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pg.K_w]:
self.position += glm.vec3(0, 0, 1)
elif keys[pg.K_s]:
self.position += glm.vec3(0, 0, -1)
if keys[pg.K_a]:
self.position += glm.vec3(-1, 0, 0)
elif keys[pg.K_d]:
self.position += glm.vec3(1, 0, 0)
def get_projection_matrix(self):
return self.projection_matrix
def get_view_matrix(self):
return glm.lookAt(self.position, self.position + self.forward, self.up)
class Mesh3d():
def __init__(self):
self.position = glm.vec3(0.0)
self.rotation = glm.vec3(0.0)
self.vertices = np.array([], dtype=np.float32)
self.texcoords = np.array([], dtype=np.uint32)
self.normals = np.array([], dtype=np.float32)
self.faces = np.array([], dtype=np.uint32)
self.vao, self.vbo, self.ebo = 0, 0, 0
self.shader = self.create_shader_program(vertex_shader, fragment_shader)
def compile_shader(self, source: str, shader_type: GL_SHADER_TYPE):
shader = glCreateShader(shader_type)
glShaderSource(shader, source)
glCompileShader(shader)
return shader
def create_shader_program(self, vertex_source: str, fragment_source: str):
vertex_shader = self.compile_shader(vertex_source, GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
fragment_shader = self.compile_shader(fragment_source, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
shader_program = glCreateProgram()
glAttachShader(shader_program, vertex_shader)
glAttachShader(shader_program, fragment_shader)
glLinkProgram(shader_program)
glDeleteShader(vertex_shader)
glDeleteShader(fragment_shader)
return shader_program
def get_model_matrix(self):
model = glm.mat4(1.0)
model = glm.translate(model, self.position)
return model
def setup_buffers(self):
self.vao = glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
self.vbo = glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vbo)
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vertices.nbytes,
self.vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
self.ebo = glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.ebo)
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.faces.nbytes,
self.faces, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE,
3 * self.vertices.dtype.itemsize, None)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE,
2 * self.faces.dtype.itemsize, None)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
glBindVertexArray(0)
def render(self, camera: Camera3d):
if not self.vao:
return
glUseProgram(self.shader)
model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(self.shader, "model")
glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_FALSE,
glm.value_ptr(self.get_model_matrix()))
projection_loc = glGetUniformLocation(self.shader, "projection")
glUniformMatrix4fv(projection_loc, 1, GL_FALSE,
glm.value_ptr(camera.get_projection_matrix()))
view_loc = glGetUniformLocation(self.shader, "view")
glUniformMatrix4fv(view_loc, 1, GL_FALSE,
glm.value_ptr(camera.get_view_matrix()))
glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, len(self.faces) * 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, None)
glBindVertexArray(0)
glUseProgram(0)
def load_from(self, filename: str):
with pyassimp.load(filename) as scene:
mesh = scene.meshes[0]
self.vertices = mesh.vertices
self.texcoords = mesh.texturecoords
self.normals = mesh.normals
self.faces = mesh.faces
self.setup_buffers()
return self
class App():
def __init__(self):
self.win = pg.display.set_mode((800, 600), pg.OPENGL | pg.DOUBLEBUF, vsync=True)
self.clock = pg.time.Clock()
self.mesh = Mesh3d().load_from('res/teapot.obj')
self.camera = Camera3d(glm.vec3(0, 0, -3))
def __events(self):
for e in pg.event.get():
if e.type == pg.QUIT:
self.__is_running = False
def __update(self):
self.camera.update()
def __render(self):
glClearColor(0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 1)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
self.mesh.render(self.camera)
pg.display.flip()
def run(self):
self.__is_running = True
while self.__is_running:
self.__events()
self.__update()
self.__render()
self.clock.tick(0)
pg.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
App().run()
这段代码应该只绘制从文件加载的网格，但是当我运行它时，我只看到空的。
glm.value_ptrctypes.c_void_pget_view_matrixdef get_view_matrix(self): return glm.lookAt(self.position, self.position + self.forward, self.up)
因此对象在
glm.value_ptr(camera.get_view_matrix())glUniformMatrix4fv我建议在使用
glm.value_ptrmodel_matrix = self.get_model_matrix()
projection_matrix = camera.get_projection_matrix()
view_matrix = camera.get_view_matrix()
model_loc = glGetUniformLocation(self.shader, "model")
glUniformMatrix4fv(model_loc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm.value_ptr(model_matrix))
projection_loc = glGetUniformLocation(self.shader, "projection")
glUniformMatrix4fv(projection_loc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm.value_ptr(projection_matrix))
view_loc = glGetUniformLocation(self.shader, "view")
glUniformMatrix4fv(view_loc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm.value_ptr(view_matrix))
此外，视图矩阵看向右侧而不是对象。我建议设置初始轮换：
self.camera = Camera3d(glm.vec3(0, 0, -3))
self.camera = Camera3d(glm.vec3(0, 0, -3), glm.vec3(0, 90, 0))