通过Fiddler和NTLM身份验证使用Python请求库是不成功的

Question

我一直在研究这个问题近20个小时。

我在我的机器上通过Fiddler路由所有网络流量，然后连接到我们的公司代理。一切正常，除了试图使用https访问远程服务器的Python应用程序（http总是正常工作）。

我导出了公司证书并将其粘贴到文件中：C：\ anaconda2 \ envs \ py36 \ Lib \ site-packages \ certifi \ cacert.pem。我还使用verify =在我的requests.get调用中明确设置了它。行为没有区别。

我将本地fiddler代理信息设置为环境变量。 Fiddler还配置为自动进行身份验证。使用http工作没有任何问题。

我似乎只能通过https连接到远程服务器，如果我先去http://www.google.com然后快速尝试使用https进行连接。随后的尝试会产生以下错误

requests.get('http://www.google.com') # always works for any website
<Response [200]>

requests.get('https://www.anaconda.com') # works after visiting http://www.google.com
<Response [200]>

requests.get('https://www.anaconda.com') # always fails, unless visiting http://www.google.com first

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError                                   Traceback (most recent call last)
C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in urlopen(self, method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host, timeout, pool_timeout, release_conn, chunked, body_pos, **response_kw)
    593             if is_new_proxy_conn:
--> 594                 self._prepare_proxy(conn)
    595

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in _prepare_proxy(self, conn)
    804         conn.set_tunnel(self._proxy_host, self.port, self.proxy_headers)
--> 805         conn.connect()
    806

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py in connect(self)
    307             # self._tunnel_host below.
--> 308             self._tunnel()
    309             # Mark this connection as not reusable

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\http\client.py in _tunnel(self)
    918             raise OSError("Tunnel connection failed: %d %s" % (code,
--> 919                                                                message.strip()))
    920         while True:

OSError: Tunnel connection failed: 407 Proxy Authentication Required

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

MaxRetryError                             Traceback (most recent call last)
C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py in send(self, request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)
    448                     retries=self.max_retries,
--> 449                     timeout=timeout
    450                 )

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in urlopen(self, method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host, timeout, pool_timeout, release_conn, chunked, body_pos, **response_kw)
    637             retries = retries.increment(method, url, error=e, _pool=self,
--> 638                                         _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
    639             retries.sleep()

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py in increment(self, method, url, response, error, _pool, _stacktrace)
    397         if new_retry.is_exhausted():
--> 398             raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
    399

MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', OSError('Tunnel connection failed: 407 Proxy Authentication Required',)))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

ProxyError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-49-df48f2544f7e> in <module>
----> 1 requests.get('https://www.google.com')

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py in get(url, params, **kwargs)
     73
     74     kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
---> 75     return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
     76
     77

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py in request(method, url, **kwargs)
     58     # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
     59     with sessions.Session() as session:
---> 60         return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
     61
     62

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py in request(self, method, url, params, data, headers, cookies, files, auth, timeout, allow_redirects, proxies, hooks, stream, verify, cert, json)
    531         }
    532         send_kwargs.update(settings)
--> 533         resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
    534
    535         return resp

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py in send(self, request, **kwargs)
    644
    645         # Send the request
--> 646         r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
    647
    648         # Total elapsed time of the request (approximately)

C:\anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py in send(self, request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)
    508
    509             if isinstance(e.reason, _ProxyError):
--> 510                 raise ProxyError(e, request=request)
    511
    512             if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError):

ProxyError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', OSError('Tunnel connection failed: 407 Proxy Authentication Required',)))

当我提出请求时，其中一个网络人员正在观看公司代理日志。当发出失败的https请求时，他没有在其日志中看到与公司代理的连接。

其他事情尝试过：

• 请求-NTLM。
• 重置所有Fiddler的证书。
• 明确地将代理和公司证书信息传递给请求。

谢谢。

Answer 1

对于那些有同样问题的人。

进一步的研究使我下载了Python应用程序Px（px.exe）Px on GitHub and turf Fiddler，它只是间歇性地用于试图上网的Python应用程序。

在我的情况下，PX本身需要ZERO配置。我只需设置http_proxy和https_proxy环境变量，以便任何Python应用程序都知道在哪里汇集其流量。然后我就跑了Px，一切正常。

希望这可以帮助人们。