在 SQL 中创建季度报告

Question

我正在 Firebird 中创建项目使用情况的季度报告，并卡在了这一点上：

下面的选择有效，但它给我带来了最近 3 个月的每月使用情况，如下图所示：

脚本：

SELECT
--(SELECT SUM(L.QTDE) FROM GELANSAI L WHERE L.CONSOL = 'T' AND (L.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-1 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND L.ANO = 2023) GROUP BY L.ITEM) AS CONSUMO1,
--(SELECT SUM(L.QTDE) FROM GELANSAI L WHERE L.CONSOL = 'T' AND (L.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-2 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND L.ANO = 2022) GROUP BY L.ITEM) AS CONSUMO2,
--(SELECT SUM(L.QTDE) FROM GELANSAI L WHERE L.CONSOL = 'T' AND (L.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-3 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND L.ANO = 2022) GROUP BY L.ITEM) AS CONSUMO3,
C.MES,
C.ANO,
L.ITEM,
I.NOME,
I.UNI_CON,
I.CONVER,
I.UNI_COMP,
MAX(I.EST_MAX) EST_MAXIMO,
MAX(I.CUSTO) PRECO,
MAX(EST_MIN) EST_MINIMO,
MAX(I.ESTOQUE) ESTOQUE,
SUM(L.QTDE) QUANTIDADE
FROM GECADSAI C INNER JOIN GELANSAI L ON C.ANO = L.ANO AND C.MES = L.MES AND C.DOC = L.DOC
LEFT JOIN GEITENS I ON L.ITEM = I.COD
    WHERE   (((C.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-1 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND C.ANO = 2023 ))
    OR ((C.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-2 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE)))) AND C.ANO = 2022)
    OR (C.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-3 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND C.ANO = 2022))
        AND C.CDC NOT BETWEEN 9901 AND 9999
        AND I.REF = 1
        AND L.CONSOL = 'T'
        AND C.CONSOL = 'T'
             GROUP BY L.ITEM, I.NOME, C.ANO, C.MES, I.UNI_CON, I.VLRMED, I.UNI_COMP, I.CONVER

结果：

但是，如您所见，QUANTIDADE 列按月逐行拆分总使用量。

ITEM_NAME	月份	用法
项目A	一月	7000
项目A	德兹	3000
项目A	十一月	4000
项目B	一月	200
项目B	德兹	350
项目B	十一月	500

我想，每个月的消费都是我选择的一个栏目，所以，它会是这样的：

ITEM_NAME	一月	德兹	十一月
项目A	7000	3000	4000
项目B	200	350	500

我也试过评论子选择，但它肯定会返回我，多行错误。

SELECT
--(SELECT SUM(L.QTDE) FROM GELANSAI L WHERE L.CONSOL = 'T' AND (L.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-1 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND L.ANO = 2023) GROUP BY L.ITEM) AS CONSUMO1,
--(SELECT SUM(L.QTDE) FROM GELANSAI L WHERE L.CONSOL = 'T' AND (L.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-2 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND L.ANO = 2022) GROUP BY L.ITEM) AS CONSUMO2,
--(SELECT SUM(L.QTDE) FROM GELANSAI L WHERE L.CONSOL = 'T' AND (L.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-3 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND L.ANO = 2022) GROUP BY L.ITEM) AS CONSUMO3,
C.MES,
C.ANO,
L.ITEM,
I.NOME,
I.UNI_CON,
I.CONVER,
I.UNI_COMP,
MAX(I.EST_MAX) EST_MAXIMO,
MAX(I.CUSTO) PRECO,
MAX(EST_MIN) EST_MINIMO,
MAX(I.ESTOQUE) ESTOQUE,
SUM(L.QTDE) QUANTIDADE
FROM GECADSAI C INNER JOIN GELANSAI L ON C.ANO = L.ANO AND C.MES = L.MES AND C.DOC = L.DOC
LEFT JOIN GEITENS I ON L.ITEM = I.COD
WHERE   (((C.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-1 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND C.ANO = 2023 ))
    OR ((C.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-2 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE)))) AND C.ANO = 2022)
    OR (C.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-3 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND C.ANO = 2022))
AND C.CDC NOT BETWEEN 9901 AND 9999
AND I.REF = 1
AND L.CONSOL = 'T'
AND C.CONSOL = 'T'
GROUP BY L.ITEM, I.NOME, C.ANO, C.MES, I.UNI_CON, I.VLRMED, I.UNI_COMP, I.CONVER

Answer 1

无法使用依赖于日期的动态列名称创建数据透视表。但是，您可以旋转值。假设您的第一个查询产生了正确的结果，但布局不正确，您可以这样做：

SELECT
  L.ITEM,
  I.NOME,
  I.UNI_CON,
  I.CONVER,
  I.UNI_COMP,
  MAX(I.EST_MAX) EST_MAXIMO,
  MAX(I.CUSTO) PRECO,
  MAX(EST_MIN) EST_MINIMO,
  MAX(I.ESTOQUE) ESTOQUE,
  -- first month (3 months ago)
  max(case when C.MES = EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-3 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE)) AND C.ANO = 2022 then C.MES end) M1, 
  sum(case when C.MES = EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-3 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE)) AND C.ANO = 2022 then L.QTDE end) QUANTIDADE_M1
  -- second month (2 months ago)
  max(case when C.MES = EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-2 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE)) AND C.ANO = 2022 then C.MES end) M2, 
  sum(case when C.MES = EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-2 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE)) AND C.ANO = 2022 then L.QTDE end) QUANTIDADE_M1
  -- third month (1 month ago)
  max(case when C.MES = EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-1 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE)) AND C.ANO = 2023 then C.MES end) M3, 
  sum(case when C.MES = EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-1 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE)) AND C.ANO = 2023 then L.QTDE end) QUANTIDADE_M3
FROM GECADSAI C 
INNER JOIN GELANSAI L ON C.ANO = L.ANO AND C.MES = L.MES AND C.DOC = L.DOC
LEFT JOIN GEITENS I ON L.ITEM = I.COD
WHERE (((C.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-1 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND C.ANO = 2023 ))
    OR ((C.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-2 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE)))) AND C.ANO = 2022)
    OR (C.MES = (EXTRACT(MONTH FROM DATEADD(-3 MONTH TO CURRENT_DATE))) AND C.ANO = 2022))
AND C.CDC NOT BETWEEN 9901 AND 9999
AND I.REF = 1
AND L.CONSOL = 'T'
AND C.CONSOL = 'T'
GROUP BY L.ITEM, I.NOME, I.UNI_CON, I.VLRMED, I.UNI_COMP, I.CONVER

也就是说，您将 3 个月前、2 个月前和 1 个月前的值相加，并添加一个标识月份的列（也必须使用聚合列），因为您无法动态生成列名。另一种方法是为所有十二个月生成列。

C.MES

和

C.ANO

列不再是 GROUP BY 的一部分。