如何将 RGB 格式的颜色转换为颜色名称？
示例：
这是执行此操作的工作示例代码。它将 rgb/hex 值/awt 颜色转换为最接近的颜色名称。
import java.awt.Color;
import java.util.ArrayList;
/**
* Java Code to get a color name from rgb/hex value/awt color
*
* The part of looking up a color name from the rgb values is edited from
* https://gist.github.com/nightlark/6482130#file-gistfile1-java (that has some errors) by Ryan Mast (nightlark)
*
* @author Xiaoxiao Li
*
*/
public class ColorUtils {
/**
* Initialize the color list that we have.
*/
private ArrayList<ColorName> initColorList() {
ArrayList<ColorName> colorList = new ArrayList<ColorName>();
colorList.add(new ColorName("AliceBlue", 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("AntiqueWhite", 0xFA, 0xEB, 0xD7));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Aqua", 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Aquamarine", 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xD4));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Azure", 0xF0, 0xFF, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Beige", 0xF5, 0xF5, 0xDC));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Bisque", 0xFF, 0xE4, 0xC4));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Black", 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("BlanchedAlmond", 0xFF, 0xEB, 0xCD));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Blue", 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("BlueViolet", 0x8A, 0x2B, 0xE2));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Brown", 0xA5, 0x2A, 0x2A));
colorList.add(new ColorName("BurlyWood", 0xDE, 0xB8, 0x87));
colorList.add(new ColorName("CadetBlue", 0x5F, 0x9E, 0xA0));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Chartreuse", 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Chocolate", 0xD2, 0x69, 0x1E));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Coral", 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x50));
colorList.add(new ColorName("CornflowerBlue", 0x64, 0x95, 0xED));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Cornsilk", 0xFF, 0xF8, 0xDC));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Crimson", 0xDC, 0x14, 0x3C));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Cyan", 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkBlue", 0x00, 0x00, 0x8B));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkCyan", 0x00, 0x8B, 0x8B));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkGoldenRod", 0xB8, 0x86, 0x0B));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkGray", 0xA9, 0xA9, 0xA9));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkGreen", 0x00, 0x64, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkKhaki", 0xBD, 0xB7, 0x6B));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkMagenta", 0x8B, 0x00, 0x8B));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkOliveGreen", 0x55, 0x6B, 0x2F));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkOrange", 0xFF, 0x8C, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkOrchid", 0x99, 0x32, 0xCC));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkRed", 0x8B, 0x00, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkSalmon", 0xE9, 0x96, 0x7A));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkSeaGreen", 0x8F, 0xBC, 0x8F));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkSlateBlue", 0x48, 0x3D, 0x8B));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkSlateGray", 0x2F, 0x4F, 0x4F));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkTurquoise", 0x00, 0xCE, 0xD1));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DarkViolet", 0x94, 0x00, 0xD3));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DeepPink", 0xFF, 0x14, 0x93));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DeepSkyBlue", 0x00, 0xBF, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DimGray", 0x69, 0x69, 0x69));
colorList.add(new ColorName("DodgerBlue", 0x1E, 0x90, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("FireBrick", 0xB2, 0x22, 0x22));
colorList.add(new ColorName("FloralWhite", 0xFF, 0xFA, 0xF0));
colorList.add(new ColorName("ForestGreen", 0x22, 0x8B, 0x22));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Fuchsia", 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Gainsboro", 0xDC, 0xDC, 0xDC));
colorList.add(new ColorName("GhostWhite", 0xF8, 0xF8, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Gold", 0xFF, 0xD7, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("GoldenRod", 0xDA, 0xA5, 0x20));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Gray", 0x80, 0x80, 0x80));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Green", 0x00, 0x80, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("GreenYellow", 0xAD, 0xFF, 0x2F));
colorList.add(new ColorName("HoneyDew", 0xF0, 0xFF, 0xF0));
colorList.add(new ColorName("HotPink", 0xFF, 0x69, 0xB4));
colorList.add(new ColorName("IndianRed", 0xCD, 0x5C, 0x5C));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Indigo", 0x4B, 0x00, 0x82));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Ivory", 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xF0));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Khaki", 0xF0, 0xE6, 0x8C));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Lavender", 0xE6, 0xE6, 0xFA));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LavenderBlush", 0xFF, 0xF0, 0xF5));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LawnGreen", 0x7C, 0xFC, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LemonChiffon", 0xFF, 0xFA, 0xCD));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightBlue", 0xAD, 0xD8, 0xE6));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightCoral", 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightCyan", 0xE0, 0xFF, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightGoldenRodYellow", 0xFA, 0xFA, 0xD2));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightGray", 0xD3, 0xD3, 0xD3));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightGreen", 0x90, 0xEE, 0x90));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightPink", 0xFF, 0xB6, 0xC1));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightSalmon", 0xFF, 0xA0, 0x7A));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightSeaGreen", 0x20, 0xB2, 0xAA));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightSkyBlue", 0x87, 0xCE, 0xFA));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightSlateGray", 0x77, 0x88, 0x99));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightSteelBlue", 0xB0, 0xC4, 0xDE));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LightYellow", 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE0));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Lime", 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("LimeGreen", 0x32, 0xCD, 0x32));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Linen", 0xFA, 0xF0, 0xE6));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Magenta", 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Maroon", 0x80, 0x00, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MediumAquaMarine", 0x66, 0xCD, 0xAA));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MediumBlue", 0x00, 0x00, 0xCD));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MediumOrchid", 0xBA, 0x55, 0xD3));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MediumPurple", 0x93, 0x70, 0xDB));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MediumSeaGreen", 0x3C, 0xB3, 0x71));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MediumSlateBlue", 0x7B, 0x68, 0xEE));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MediumSpringGreen", 0x00, 0xFA, 0x9A));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MediumTurquoise", 0x48, 0xD1, 0xCC));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MediumVioletRed", 0xC7, 0x15, 0x85));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MidnightBlue", 0x19, 0x19, 0x70));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MintCream", 0xF5, 0xFF, 0xFA));
colorList.add(new ColorName("MistyRose", 0xFF, 0xE4, 0xE1));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Moccasin", 0xFF, 0xE4, 0xB5));
colorList.add(new ColorName("NavajoWhite", 0xFF, 0xDE, 0xAD));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Navy", 0x00, 0x00, 0x80));
colorList.add(new ColorName("OldLace", 0xFD, 0xF5, 0xE6));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Olive", 0x80, 0x80, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("OliveDrab", 0x6B, 0x8E, 0x23));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Orange", 0xFF, 0xA5, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("OrangeRed", 0xFF, 0x45, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Orchid", 0xDA, 0x70, 0xD6));
colorList.add(new ColorName("PaleGoldenRod", 0xEE, 0xE8, 0xAA));
colorList.add(new ColorName("PaleGreen", 0x98, 0xFB, 0x98));
colorList.add(new ColorName("PaleTurquoise", 0xAF, 0xEE, 0xEE));
colorList.add(new ColorName("PaleVioletRed", 0xDB, 0x70, 0x93));
colorList.add(new ColorName("PapayaWhip", 0xFF, 0xEF, 0xD5));
colorList.add(new ColorName("PeachPuff", 0xFF, 0xDA, 0xB9));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Peru", 0xCD, 0x85, 0x3F));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Pink", 0xFF, 0xC0, 0xCB));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Plum", 0xDD, 0xA0, 0xDD));
colorList.add(new ColorName("PowderBlue", 0xB0, 0xE0, 0xE6));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Purple", 0x80, 0x00, 0x80));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Red", 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("RosyBrown", 0xBC, 0x8F, 0x8F));
colorList.add(new ColorName("RoyalBlue", 0x41, 0x69, 0xE1));
colorList.add(new ColorName("SaddleBrown", 0x8B, 0x45, 0x13));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Salmon", 0xFA, 0x80, 0x72));
colorList.add(new ColorName("SandyBrown", 0xF4, 0xA4, 0x60));
colorList.add(new ColorName("SeaGreen", 0x2E, 0x8B, 0x57));
colorList.add(new ColorName("SeaShell", 0xFF, 0xF5, 0xEE));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Sienna", 0xA0, 0x52, 0x2D));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Silver", 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0));
colorList.add(new ColorName("SkyBlue", 0x87, 0xCE, 0xEB));
colorList.add(new ColorName("SlateBlue", 0x6A, 0x5A, 0xCD));
colorList.add(new ColorName("SlateGray", 0x70, 0x80, 0x90));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Snow", 0xFF, 0xFA, 0xFA));
colorList.add(new ColorName("SpringGreen", 0x00, 0xFF, 0x7F));
colorList.add(new ColorName("SteelBlue", 0x46, 0x82, 0xB4));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Tan", 0xD2, 0xB4, 0x8C));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Teal", 0x00, 0x80, 0x80));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Thistle", 0xD8, 0xBF, 0xD8));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Tomato", 0xFF, 0x63, 0x47));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Turquoise", 0x40, 0xE0, 0xD0));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Violet", 0xEE, 0x82, 0xEE));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Wheat", 0xF5, 0xDE, 0xB3));
colorList.add(new ColorName("White", 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF));
colorList.add(new ColorName("WhiteSmoke", 0xF5, 0xF5, 0xF5));
colorList.add(new ColorName("Yellow", 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00));
colorList.add(new ColorName("YellowGreen", 0x9A, 0xCD, 0x32));
return colorList;
}
/**
* Get the closest color name from our list
*
* @param r
* @param g
* @param b
* @return
*/
public String getColorNameFromRgb(int r, int g, int b) {
ArrayList<ColorName> colorList = initColorList();
ColorName closestMatch = null;
int minMSE = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int mse;
for (ColorName c : colorList) {
mse = c.computeMSE(r, g, b);
if (mse < minMSE) {
minMSE = mse;
closestMatch = c;
}
}
if (closestMatch != null) {
return closestMatch.getName();
} else {
return "No matched color name.";
}
}
/**
* Convert hexColor to rgb, then call getColorNameFromRgb(r, g, b)
*
* @param hexColor
* @return
*/
public String getColorNameFromHex(int hexColor) {
int r = (hexColor & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
int g = (hexColor & 0xFF00) >> 8;
int b = (hexColor & 0xFF);
return getColorNameFromRgb(r, g, b);
}
public int colorToHex(Color c) {
return Integer.decode("0x"
+ Integer.toHexString(c.getRGB()).substring(2));
}
public String getColorNameFromColor(Color color) {
return getColorNameFromRgb(color.getRed(), color.getGreen(),
color.getBlue());
}
/**
* SubClass of ColorUtils. In order to lookup color name
*
* @author Xiaoxiao Li
*
*/
public class ColorName {
public int r, g, b;
public String name;
public ColorName(String name, int r, int g, int b) {
this.r = r;
this.g = g;
this.b = b;
this.name = name;
}
public int computeMSE(int pixR, int pixG, int pixB) {
return (int) (((pixR - r) * (pixR - r) + (pixG - g) * (pixG - g) + (pixB - b)
* (pixB - b)) / 3);
}
public int getR() {
return r;
}
public int getG() {
return g;
}
public int getB() {
return b;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
}
对于每个已知的颜色计算：
rgbDistance = Math.abs(myColor.getRed() - colorI.getRed() +
Math.abs(myColor.getGreen() - colorI.getGreen()) +
Math.abs(myColor.getBlue() - colorI.getBlue())
返回
colorIrgbDistance嗯，这是一个有趣的问题。我可以想到一些解决方案：
您可以根据 R-G-B 值之间的关系进行一些猜测（例如，如果一种颜色非常占主导地位，您会猜测该颜色，但如果有一些其他颜色，您越来越有可能猜测该组合在这两种发出的颜色中，如果所有三种颜色都接近相等，则根据这三个值的平均值有多高来猜测白色、灰色或黑色，如果两个值高而另一个值低，则猜测两者的组合，等等.等）
您可以采用更多的学习方法，设置一些初始猜测（如上所述），然后根据用户的反馈进行改进。
不幸的是，这个问题是相对主观的（尽管问题不是！），因为人们对颜色的感知在文化甚至性别之间存在很大差异（参见Randall Munroe对此的“研究”）。
如果您想要 RGB 值的特定子集（例如在 Java 或 C# 中给定常量的值，您可以迭代每个值并进行比较，如果不等于其中任何一个，最后返回一些默认值）。
[编辑]
啊！色盲用户是吗？您是否考虑过创建一个设置，让用户指定他们难以区分哪些颜色？如果你这样做了，你可以让他们知道某些东西“比绿色更红 20%”（例如，如果他们有红绿色盲，这是最常见的）。那会很简单。他们选择一个像素，然后您遵循以下伪代码：
if( userColorTrouble == RedGreen )
{
int redVal = colorInQuestion.GetRed();
int greenVal = colorInQuestion.GetGreen();
if( redVal > greenVal )
{
return "The color is " + (double)redVal / (redVal + greenVal) - .5d + "% redder than green";
}
else
{
return "The color is " + (double)greenVal / (redVal + greenVal) - .5d + "% greener than red";
}
}
这可能是一个更简单、更有用的解决方案。
您可以简单地构建一个查找表，例如使用 Color 类本身的常量：
Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
for (Field f : Color.class.getFields()) {
if (f.getType() == Color.class) {
Color c = (Color) f.get(null);
map.put(c.getRGB(), f.getName());
}
}
如果您想要所有 HTML 颜色或 @evan 链接的维基百科中的所有颜色，那么您还有一些功课要做。
编辑结果地图：
0xff00ffff: CYAN
0xff0000ff: BLUE
0xffc0c0c0: LIGHT_GRAY
0xff808080: GRAY
0xffffff00: YELLOW
0xffff0000: RED
0xffffafaf: PINK
0xff000000: BLACK
0xff00ff00: GREEN
0xffffc800: ORANGE
0xff404040: DARK_GRAY
0xffff00ff: MAGENTA
0xffffffff: WHITE
并非所有 RGB 值都有别名。您可能需要创建一个包含红色、绿色、蓝色和别名值数组的数组。然后您将迭代该数组来比较 RGB 值。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors
编辑：
样品：
//array of known aliases and rgb values
ArrayList colorList = new ArrayList();
colorList.add(new String[] {"255", "0", "0", "Red"});
//etc...
Color c = new Color(255, 0, 0); //test color
String name = "Unknown";
for (String[] color : colorList)
{
int r = Integer.parseInt(color[0]) //red value
int g = Integer.parseInt(color[1]) //green value
int b = Integer.parseInt(color[2]) //blue value
String alias = color[3];
if ((c.getRed() == r) && (c.getGreen() == g) && (c.getBlue() == b))
{
name = alias; //found it
break;
}
}
首先将像素从 RGB 转换为 HSV。在 HSV 中定义颜色范围比在 RGB 中容易得多。
/**
*
*@author Tomasz Drobiszewski
*/
public class Color {
/**
* Human color table.
*/
public static final int [] [] colors = {
{-1,-10,-360,-0,-100,-10,-80},
{1,0,360,0,100,0,50},
{2,0,360,0,15,50,130},
{3,0,360,0,15,130,210},
{4,-15,15,15,100,50,255},
{5,15,45,15,100,50,255},
{6,45,75,15,100,50,255},
{7,75,105,15,100,50,255},
{8,105,135,15,100,50,255},
{9,135,165,15,100,50,255},
{10,165,195,15,100,50,255},
{11,195,225,15,100,50,255},
{12,225,255,15,100,50,255},
{13,255,285,15,100,50,255},
{14,285,315,15,100,50,255},
{15,315,345,15,100,50,255},
{16,345,375,15,100,50,255},
{17,0,360,0,15,210,255}
};
/**
* Color names.
*/
public static final String [] humanColors = {
"unrecognized",
"black", //black colors[1]
"grey",
"light_grey",
"red",
"orange",
"yellow",
"jasny_zielony",
"zielony",
"zielony",
"turkusowy",
"jasny_niebieski",
"niebieski",
"fioletowy",
"fioletowy",
"rozowy",
"czerwony",
"bialy",
};
/**
* Convert from RGB do HSV
*
* @param r
* @param g
* @param b
* @param hsv
*/
public static void rgb2hsv(int r, int g, int b, int hsv[]) {
int min; // Min. value of RGB
int max; // Max. value of RGB
int delMax; // Delta RGB value
if (r > g) {
min = g;
max = r;
} else {
min = r;
max = g;
}
if (b > max)
max = b;
if (b < min)
min = b;
delMax = max - min;
float H = 0, S;
float V = max;
if (delMax == 0) {
H = 0;
S = 0;
} else {
S = delMax / (float) max;
if (r == max)
H = ((g - b) / (float) delMax) * 60;
else if (g == max)
H = (2 + (b - r) / (float) delMax) * 60;
else if (b == max)
H = (4 + (r - g) / (float) delMax) * 60;
}
hsv[0] = (int) (H);
hsv[1] = (int) (S * 100);
hsv[2] = (int) V;
}
/**
* Return human color index {@link Color#colors}
*
* @param r
* @param g
* @param b
* @return
*/
public static int [] getHumanColor(int r, int g, int b) {
int [] res = {0, 0, 0, 0};
int[] hsv = new int[3];
rgb2hsv(r, g, b, hsv);
for (int i = 1; i < colors.length; i++) {
if (hsv[0] <= colors[i][2] && hsv[0] >= colors[i][1]
&& hsv[1] <= colors[i][4] && hsv[1] >= colors[i][3]
&& hsv[2] <= colors[i][6] && hsv[2] >= colors[i][5]) {
res[3] = i;
res[0] = hsv[0];
res[1] = hsv[1];
res[2] = hsv[2];
return res;
}
}
return res;
}
}
public static String findColorNameByColor(Color c) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
String candidateColorName = null;
int rgbDistance = -1;
for(Field f : Color.class.getFields()) {
Color sys_c = (Color) f.get(null);
int dif_r = Math.abs(c.getRed() - sys_c.getRed());
int dif_g = Math.abs(c.getGreen() - sys_c.getGreen());
int dif_b = Math.abs(c.getBlue() - sys_c.getBlue());
int sum = dif_r+dif_g+dif_b;
if(sum == 0) {
return f.getName().trim().toLowerCase();
}else {
if (rgbDistance == -1) {
rgbDistance = sum;
candidateColorName = f.getName().trim().toLowerCase();
}
if(rgbDistance > sum) {
rgbDistance = sum;
candidateColorName = f.getName().trim().toLowerCase();
}
}
}
return candidateColorName;
}
就我而言，我正在寻找一种快速方法来获取可在所有打开或所有关闭的 LED 上显示的原色名称，因此以下功能适合我。希望对某人有帮助。
public static String getColourName(int c) {
String name = "UNKNOWN";
int colour = Color.BLACK;
if(Color.red(c) > 127) { colour |= Color.RED; }
if(Color.green(c) > 127) { colour |= Color.GREEN; }
if(Color.blue(c) > 127) { colour |= Color.BLUE; }
switch (colour) {
case Color.BLACK:
name = "BLACK";
break;
case Color.BLUE:
name = "BLUE";
break;
case Color.GREEN:
name = "GREEN";
break;
case Color.CYAN:
name = "CYAN";
break;
case Color.RED:
name = "RED";
break;
case Color.MAGENTA:
name = "MAGENTA";
break;
case Color.YELLOW:
name = "YELLOW";
break;
case Color.WHITE:
name = "WHITE";
break;
}
return name;
}