cd是用于更改工作目录的shell命令。
如何在Python中更改当前工作目录？
您可以使用以下命令更改工作目录：
import os
os.chdir(path)
使用此方法时，有两个最佳实践：
在子流程中更改当前工作目录不会更改父流程中的当前工作目录。 Python解释器也是如此。您不能使用os.chdir()更改呼叫过程的CWD。
import os
abs_path = 'C://a/b/c'
rel_path = './folder'
os.chdir(abs_path)
os.chdir(rel_path)
您可以同时使用os.chdir（abs_path）或os.chdir（rel_path），无需调用os.getcwd（）即可使用相对路径。
如果您想执行类似“ cd ..”的选项，只需键入：
os.chdir（“ ..”）
与Windows cmd：cd中的相同。当然import os是必需的（例如，将其键入为代码的第一行）
更改脚本过程的当前目录很简单。我认为问题实际上是如何更改从中调用python脚本的命令窗口的当前目录，这非常困难。 Windows中的Bat脚本或Bash shell中的Bash脚本可以使用普通的cd命令来执行此操作，因为shell本身就是解释器。在Windows和Linux中，Python都是程序，没有程序可以直接更改其父级的环境。但是，将简单的Shell脚本与Python脚本结合使用可完成大多数艰苦的工作，即可达到预期的效果。例如，为了制作具有遍历历史记录的扩展cd命令以进行向后/向前/选择重新访问，我编写了一个由简单的bat脚本调用的相对复杂的Python脚本。遍历列表存储在文件中，目标目录位于第一行。当python脚本返回时，bat脚本读取文件的第一行并将其作为cd的参数。完整的蝙蝠脚本（为简洁起见，省略了注释）为：
if _%1 == _. goto cdDone
if _%1 == _? goto help
if /i _%1 NEQ _-H goto doCd
:help
echo d.bat and dSup.py 2016.03.05. Extended chdir.
echo -C = clear traversal list.
echo -B or nothing = backward (to previous dir).
echo -F or - = forward (to next dir).
echo -R = remove current from list and return to previous.
echo -S = select from list.
echo -H, -h, ? = help.
echo . = make window title current directory.
echo Anything else = target directory.
goto done
:doCd
%~dp0dSup.py %1
for /F %%d in ( %~dp0dSupList ) do (
cd %%d
if errorlevel 1 ( %~dp0dSup.py -R )
goto cdDone
)
:cdDone
title %CD%
:done
Python脚本dSup.py是：
import sys, os, msvcrt
def indexNoCase ( slist, s ) :
for idx in range( len( slist )) :
if slist[idx].upper() == s.upper() :
return idx
raise ValueError
# .........main process ...................
if len( sys.argv ) < 2 :
cmd = 1 # No argument defaults to -B, the most common operation
elif sys.argv[1][0] == '-':
if len(sys.argv[1]) == 1 :
cmd = 2 # '-' alone defaults to -F, second most common operation.
else :
cmd = 'CBFRS'.find( sys.argv[1][1:2].upper())
else :
cmd = -1
dir = os.path.abspath( sys.argv[1] ) + '\n'
# cmd is -1 = path, 0 = C, 1 = B, 2 = F, 3 = R, 4 = S
fo = open( os.path.dirname( sys.argv[0] ) + '\\dSupList', mode = 'a+t' )
fo.seek( 0 )
dlist = fo.readlines( -1 )
if len( dlist ) == 0 :
dlist.append( os.getcwd() + '\n' ) # Prime new directory list with current.
if cmd == 1 : # B: move backward, i.e. to previous
target = dlist.pop(0)
dlist.append( target )
elif cmd == 2 : # F: move forward, i.e. to next
target = dlist.pop( len( dlist ) - 1 )
dlist.insert( 0, target )
elif cmd == 3 : # R: remove current from list. This forces cd to previous, a
# desireable side-effect
dlist.pop( 0 )
elif cmd == 4 : # S: select from list
# The current directory (dlist[0]) is included essentially as ESC.
for idx in range( len( dlist )) :
print( '(' + str( idx ) + ')', dlist[ idx ][:-1])
while True :
inp = msvcrt.getche()
if inp.isdigit() :
inp = int( inp )
if inp < len( dlist ) :
print( '' ) # Print the newline we didn't get from getche.
break
print( ' is out of range' )
# Select 0 means the current directory and the list is not changed. Otherwise
# the selected directory is moved to the top of the list. This can be done by
# either rotating the whole list until the selection is at the head or pop it
# and insert it to 0. It isn't obvious which would be better for the user but
# since pop-insert is simpler, it is used.
if inp > 0 :
dlist.insert( 0, dlist.pop( inp ))
elif cmd == -1 : # -1: dir is the requested new directory.
# If it is already in the list then remove it before inserting it at the head.
# This takes care of both the common case of it having been recently visited
# and the less common case of user mistakenly requesting current, in which
# case it is already at the head. Deleting and putting it back is a trivial
# inefficiency.
try:
dlist.pop( indexNoCase( dlist, dir ))
except ValueError :
pass
dlist = dlist[:9] # Control list length by removing older dirs (should be
# no more than one).
dlist.insert( 0, dir )
fo.truncate( 0 )
if cmd != 0 : # C: clear the list
fo.writelines( dlist )
fo.close()
exit(0)
这是上下文管理器更改工作目录的示例。它比其他地方引用的ActiveState version简单，但这可以完成工作。
cdimport os
class cd:
"""Context manager for changing the current working directory"""
def __init__(self, newPath):
self.newPath = os.path.expanduser(newPath)
def __enter__(self):
self.savedPath = os.getcwd()
os.chdir(self.newPath)
def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
os.chdir(self.savedPath)
或使用more concise equivalent(below)尝试ContextManager。
import subprocess # just to call an arbitrary command e.g. 'ls'
# enter the directory like this:
with cd("~/Library"):
# we are in ~/Library
subprocess.call("ls")
# outside the context manager we are back wherever we started.
[cd()易于使用生成器和装饰器编写。
from contextlib import contextmanager
import os
@contextmanager
def cd(newdir):
prevdir = os.getcwd()
os.chdir(os.path.expanduser(newdir))
try:
yield
finally:
os.chdir(prevdir)
然后，即使抛出异常，也将还原目录：
os.chdir('/home')
with cd('/tmp'):
# ...
raise Exception("There's no place like home.")
# Directory is now back to '/home'.
[如果您使用的是相对较新的Python版本，则还可以使用上下文管理器，例如this one：
from __future__ import with_statement
from grizzled.os import working_directory
with working_directory(path_to_directory):
# code in here occurs within the directory
# code here is in the original directory
UPDATE
如果您愿意自己动手：
import os
from contextlib import contextmanager
@contextmanager
def working_directory(directory):
owd = os.getcwd()
try:
os.chdir(directory)
yield directory
finally:
os.chdir(owd)
正如其他人已经指出的那样，以上所有解决方案仅会更改当前进程的工作目录。当您返回Unix shell时，这将丢失。如果不顾一切，您可以使用这种可怕的技巧来更改Unix上的父shell目录：
def quote_against_shell_expansion(s):
import pipes
return pipes.quote(s)
def put_text_back_into_terminal_input_buffer(text):
# use of this means that it only works in an interactive session
# (and if the user types while it runs they could insert characters between the characters in 'text'!)
import fcntl, termios
for c in text:
fcntl.ioctl(1, termios.TIOCSTI, c)
def change_parent_process_directory(dest):
# the horror
put_text_back_into_terminal_input_buffer("cd "+quote_against_shell_expansion(dest)+"\n")
os.chdir()是正确的方法。
[os.chdir()是cd的Python版本。
进一步由Brian指出并基于sh（1.0.8+）的方向
from sh import cd, ls
cd('/tmp')
print ls()