我想通过 R 来利用此文件中的信息。
它看起来像一个 XML 文件，但标准
XML::xmlToDataFrame()<Nationality>我的目标基本上是创建一个简单的数据框架，其中属性为列（国家、国家代码、国家名称、...、国籍、首都等），国家为行，并在必要时折叠多个值（例如国籍）例如，在单个元素中使用“，”。
一个列表，其中每个元素都是一个国家，然后它的每个元素都是属性也可以。
我们如何在 R 中实现这一点？
[编辑] 根据用户的要求添加文件提取
Parfait<Doc>Version: CountryInfo.140728.txt</Doc>
<Country>
<CountryCode>AFG</CountryCode>
<CountryName>AFGHANISTAN</CountryName>
<COW-Alpha>AFG</COW-Alpha>
<COW-Numeric>700</COW-Numeric>
<FIPS-10>AF</FIPS-10>
<IMF>512</IMF>
<ISO3166-alpha2>AF</ISO3166-alpha2>
<ISO3166-numeric>004</ISO3166-numeric>
<ISO3166-alpha3>AFG</ISO3166-alpha3>
<Nationality>
AFGHAN_
AFGANISTAN_
AFGHANESTAN_
AFGHANSITAN_
DOWLAT_E_ESLAMI_YE_AFGHANESTAN_
SOVIET_OCCUPIED_AFGHANISTAN_
AFGAHANISTAN_
AFGHANASTAN_
AFGANHISTAN_
AFGHINASTAN_
AFFGHANISTAN_
THE_GRAVEYARD_OF_EMPIRES_
AFGJANISTAN_
AFEGANISTAO_
CHAPARHAR_
</Nationality>
<Capital>
KABUL_
</Capital>
<MajorCities>
HERAT_
JALALABAD_
KANDAHAR_
QANDAHAR_
MAZAR-I-SHARIF_
</MajorCities>
<Leaders>
<Kings>
MOHAMMAD_ZAHIR_SHAH_ [19331108 - 19730717] [B:19140101] [D:20070723]
</Kings>
<Chairman of the military council>
ABDUL_QADIR_ [19780427 - 19780430] [B:19440101]
</Chairman of the military council>
<Presidents of the revolutionary council>
NUR_MOHAMMAD_TARAKI_ [19780430 - 19790916] [B:19170101] [D:19790914]
HAFIZULLAH_AMIN_ [19790916 - 19791227] [B:19290101] [D:19791227]
BABRAK_KARMAL_ [19791227 - 19861124]
HAJI_MOHAMMAD_CHAMKANI_ [19861124 - 19870930] [B:19470101]
MOHAMMAD_NAJIBULLAH_ [19870930 - 19871130]
</Presidents of the revolutionary council>
<President>
SARDAR_MOHAMMAD_DAUD_KHAN_ [19730717 - 19780427] [B:19090101] [D:19780428]
MOHAMMAD_NAJIBULLAH_ [19871130 - 19920416]
ABDUL_RAHIM_HATEF_ [19920416 - 19920428] [B:19260101]
SIBGHATULLAH_MOJADEDI_ [19920428 - 19920628] [B:19250101]
BURHANUDDIN_RABBANI_ [19920628 - 19960927] [B:19400101]
BURHANUDDIN_RABBANI_ [20011113 - 20011222]
HAMID_KARZAI_ [>20011222] [B:19570101]
</President>
<Heads of the supreme council>
MULLAH_MOHAMMAD_RABBANI_ [19960927 - 20010416] [B:19560101] [D:20000421]
MAWLAWI_ABDUL_KABIR_ [20010416 - 20011113]
</Heads of the supreme council>
<Prime ministers>
MOHAMMAD_NUR_AHMAD_ETEMADI_ [19671101 - 19710609] [B:19210101] [D:19790801]
ABDUL_ZAHIR_ [19710609 - 19721212] [B:19100101] [D:19820101]
MOHAMMAD_MUSA_SHAFIQ_ [19721212 - 19730717] [B:19320101] [D:19790101]
NUR_MOHAMMAD_TARAKI_ [19780501 - 19790327]
HAFIZULLAH_AMIN_ [19790327 - 19791227]
BABRAK_KARMAL_ [19791227 - 19810611]
SULTAN_ALI_KESHTMAND_ [19810611 - 19880526] [B:19350101]
MOHAMMAD_HASSAN_SHARQ_ [19880526 - 19890221] [B:19250101]
SULTAN_ALI_KESHTMAND_ [19890221 - 19900508]
FAZAL_HAQ_KHALIQYAR_ [19900508 - 19920415] [B:19340101] [D:20040716]
ABDUL_SABUR_FARID_KUHESTANI_ [19920706 - 19920815] [B:19520101] [D:20070503]
GULBUDDIN_HEKMATYAR_ [19930617 - 19940628] [B:19470101]
ARSALA_RAHMANI_ [19941101 - 19950101] [B:19370101]
AHMAD_SHAH_AHMADZAI_ [19950101 - 19960626] [B:19440101]
GULBUDDIN_HEKMATYAR_ [19960626 - 19960927]
ABDUL_RAHIM_GHAFOORZAI_ [19970811 - 19970821] [D:19970821]
</Prime ministers>
</Leaders>
<Government>
ABDULLAH_RAMIN_ [AFGGOVAGR 20050101 - 20050331] # Minister of Agriculture
ABDULLAH_WARDAK_ [AFGGOV <20041231] # Minister of Martyrs and Disabled
ABDUL_ALI_ [AFGGOV <20040931] # Minister of Public Works
ABDUL_AZIMI_ [AFGGOVJUD 20061001 - 20070531] # Chief Justice, Supreme Court
ABDUL_HADI_ARGHANDIWAL_ [AFGGOV >20100201] # Minister of Economy
ABDUL_KARIM_BARAWI_ [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs
ABDUL_KARIM_BRAHAWI_ [AFGGOVREF 20090701 - 20100331] # Minister of Refugees and Repatriation
ABDUL_KARIM_KHALILI_ [AFGGOV >20030101] # Vice President
ABDUL_KARIM_KHURAM_ [AFGGOVMED 20061001 - 20100131] # Minister of Youth and Culture
ABDUL_QADIR_FITRAT_ [AFGGOVBUS >20071201] # Governor, Central Bank
ABDUL_QODUS_HAMIDI_ [AFGGOV >20100701] # Minister of Public Works
ABDUL_RAHIM_KARIMI_ [AFGGOVJUD <20041231] # Minister of Justice
ABDUL_RAHIM_WARDAK_ [AFGGOVMIL >20050101] # Minister of Defense
ACTING_MINISTER_ABDUL_RAHIM_ [AFGGOVREF 20100401 - 20100631] # Minister of Refugees and Repatriation "Acting"
AHMAD_MOQBEL_ZARAR_ [AFGGOV 20051101 - 20060531][AFGGOV 20070401 - 20081031][AFGGOVCOP >20100201] # Minister of Interior & Minister of Counternarcotics
AHMAD_MOSHAHED_ [AFGGOVEDU 20041001 - 20041231] # Minister of Education
AHMAD_YUSUF_NURISTANI_ [AFGGOVAGR <20041231] # Minister of Irrigation and Environment
AHMAD_ZIA_MASOOD_ [AFGGOV 20050201 - 20091231] # Vice President
AKBAR_AKBAR_ [AFGGOVREF 20060601 - 20071131] # Minister of Refugees
ALI_AHMAD_JALALI_ [AFGGOV 20031001 - 20051031] # Minister of Interior
AMENA_AFZALI_ [AFGGOV 20050201 - 20060531][AFGGOVLAB >20100201] # Minister of Youth & Minister of Martyred, Disabled, Labor, and Social Affairs
AMINA_AFZALI_ [AFGGOV 20050201 - 20060531][AFGGOVLAB >20100201] # Minister of Youth & Minister of Martyred, Disabled, Labor, and Social Affairs
AMIRZAI_SANGIN_ [AFGGOVMED >20050101] # Minister of Communications
ANWAR_UL_HAQ_AHADY_ [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20090231][AFGGOVBUS 20031001 - 20041231][AFGGOVBUS >20100701] # Minister of Finance & Governor, Central Bank & Minister of Commerce and Industry
ARSALA_JAMAL_ [AFGGOV 20100401 - 20100631] # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs "Acting"
ASADULLAH_KHALID_ [AFGGOV 20090101 - 20100331][AFGGOV >20100701] # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs
ASHRAF_GHANI_ [AFGGOV <20041231] # Minister of Finance
ASIF_RAHIMI_ [AFGGOVAGR >20081101] # Minister of Agriculture
AZAM_DADFAR_ [AFGGOVREF 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Refugees
BISMILLAH_BISMEL_ [AFGGOVBUS 20040601 - 20041231] # Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism
BISMULLAH_MUHAMMADI_KHAN_ [AFGGOV >20100701] # Minister of Interior
DAOUD_ALI_NAJAFI_ [AFGGOVBUS >20100801] # Minister of Transportation "Acting"
EHSAN_ZIA_ [AFGGOVAGR 20060601 - 20100131] # Minister of Rural Development
ENAYATOLLAH_QASEMI_ [AFGGOVBUS 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Transport
ENAYATULLAH_NAZERI_ [AFGGOVREF <20041231] # Minister of Refugee Affairs
FAISAL_AHMAD_SHINWARI_ [AFGGOVJUD <20060931] # Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
FARUQ_WARDAK_ [AFGGOVEDU >20081101] # Minister of Education
FOREIGN_MINISTER_ABDULLAH_ [AFGGOV <20060531] # Minister of Foreign Affairs
GHULAM_MOHAMMAD_AILAQ_ [AFGGOVBUS 20100401 - 20100631] # Minister of Commerce and Industry "Acting"
GUL_AGHA_SHIRZAI_ [AFGGOVDEV 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Urban Development
HABIBA_SORABI_ [AFGGOVHRI <20041231] # Minister of Womens Affairs
HABIBULLAH_GHALEB_ [AFGGOVJUD >20100201] # Minister of Justice
HABIBULLAH_QADERI_ [AFGGOVCOP 20050101 - 20070931] # Minister of Counternarcotics
HAKIM_TANIWAL_ [AFGGOVBUS 20040601 - 20041231] # Minister of Mines and Industries
HAMIDOLLAH_FARUQI_ [AFGGOVBUS 20090301 - 20100331] # Minister of Transportation "Acting"
HAMIDULLAH_QADERI_ [AFGGOVBUS 20080401 - 20081231] # Minister of Transportation
HASAN_BANO_GHAZANFAR_ [AFGGOVHRI >20061001] # Minister of Womens Affairs
HEDAYAT_AMIN_ARSALA_ [AFGGOV <20050131][AFGGOVBUS 20050201 - 20060531] # Vice President & Minister of Commerce
IBRAHIM_ADEL_ [AFGGOVBUS 20060601 - 20100131] # Minister of Mines and Industries
ISHAQ_SHAHRYAR_ [AFGGOV <20030931] # Ambassador to the US
ISMAIL_KHAN_ [AFGGOVBUS >20050101] # Minister of Energy, Water, and Power
JAMAHIR_ANWARI_ [AFGGOVREF >20100701] # Minister of Refugees and Repatriation
JARULLAH_MANSOORI_ [AFGGOVAGR >20100201] # Minister of Rural Rehabilitation and Development
JUMA_MOHAMMAD_MOHAMMADI_ [AFGGOVBUS <20030931] # Minister of Mines and Industries
KHODAIDAD_ [AFGGOVCOP 20071001 - 20100131] # Minister of Counternarcotics "Acting"
MASSOUDA_JALAL_ [AFGGOVHRI 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Womens Affairs
MIR_MOHAMMAD_AMIN_FARHANG_ [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Economy
MIR_MOHAMMAD_SEDIQ_ [AFGGOVBUS 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Mines and Industries
MOHAMMADALLUH_BATASH_ [AFGGOVBUS 20100401 - 20100731] # Minister of Transportation "Acting"
MOHAMMAD_ALAM_RAZAM_ [AFGGOVBUS <20041231] # Minister of Light Industry and Food Stuffs
MOHAMMAD_AMIN_FARHANG_ [AFGGOV <20041231][AFGGOVBUS 20061001 - 20081231] # Minister of Reconstruction & Minister of Commerce
MOHAMMAD_AMIN_NASERYAR_ [AFGGOVMOS <20041231] # Minister of Hajj and Mosques
MOHAMMAD_AREF_NOORZAI_ [AFGGOV <20041231] # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs
MOHAMMAD_AZAM_DADFAR_ [AFGGOVEDU 20060601 - 20100331] # Minister of Higher Education
MOHAMMAD_FAHIM_KHAN_ [AFGGOV <20050131][AFGGOV >20100101][AFGGOVMIL <20041231] # Vice President & First Vice President & Minister of Defense
MOHAMMAD_HANIF_ATMAR_ [AFGGOV 20081101 - 20100631][AFGGOVAGR <20060531][AFGGOVEDU 20060601 - 20081031] # Minister of Interior & Minister of Rural Development & Minister of Education
MOHAMMAD_JALIL_SHAMS_ [AFGGOV 20061001 - 20100131] # Minister of Economy
MOHAMMAD_KARIM_BRAHAWI_ [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20081231][AFGGOVREF 20090101 - 20090631] # Minister of Border and Tribal Affairs & Minister of Refugees and Repatriation
MOHAMMAD_MASOOM_STANAKZAI_ [AFGGOVMED <20041231] # Minister of Communications
MOHAMMAD_MIRWAIS_SADEQ_ [AFGGOVBUS <20040531] # Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism
MOHAMMAD_SARWAR_DANESH_ [AFGGOVEDU >20100401][AFGGOVJUD 20060601 - 20100131] # Minister of Higher Education "Acting" & Minister of Justice
MOHAMMAD_SEDIQ_CHAKARI_ [AFGGOVMOS 20090401 - 20100131] # Minister of Hajj and Islamic Affairs "Acting"
MOHAMMAD_SHAKER_KARGAR_ [AFGGOV <20041231] # Minister of Water and Power
MOHAMMAD_SHARIF_FAEZ_ [AFGGOVEDU <20041231] # Minister of Higher Education
MOHAMMAD_YOUSEF_PASHTUN_ [AFGGOVDEV 20090301 - 20100331] # Minister of Urban Development
MOHAMMAD_YUSUF_NIAZI_ [AFGGOVMOS >20100201] # Minister of Hajj and Islamic Affairs
MOHAMMAD_YUSUF_PASHTUN_ [AFGGOVDEV <20030931] # Minister of Urban Development
MOQBAL_ZARAR_ [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20070331] # Minister of Interior
NEMATOLLAH_SHAHRANI_ [AFGGOVMOS 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Hajj and Islamic Affairs
NIAMATULLAH_EHSAN_JAWID_ [AFGGOVBUS 20061001 - 20080331] # Minister of Transportation
NIAMATULLAH_SHAHRANI_ [AFGGOV <20050131][AFGGOVMOS 20060601 - 20090331] # Vice President & Minister of Hajj and Islamic Affairs
NOOR_MOHAMMAD_QARQIN_ [AFGGOVLAB <20041231] # Minister of Labor and Social Affairs
NUROLLAH_DELAWARI_ [AFGGOVBUS 20050101 - 20071131] # Governor, Central Bank
NUR_MOHAMMAD_QARQIN_ [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20100131][AFGGOVEDU 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Martyrs, Disabled, and Social Affairs & Minister of Education
OBAIDULLAH_RAMIN_ [AFGGOVAGR 20050401 - 20081031] # Minister of Agriculture and Food
OMAR_ZAKHILWAL_ [AFGGOV >20090301][AFGGOVBUS 20090101 - 20090231] # Minister of Finance & Minister of Transportation "Acting"
RAHMATULLAH_NABIL_ [AFGGOVMIL >20100801] # Director General "Acting", National Directorate of Security
RAMAZAN_BASHARDOST_ [AFGGOV 20040601 - 20041231] # Minister of Planning
RANGIN_DADFAR_SPANTA_ [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20100131][AFGGOVMIL >20100601] # Minister of Foreign Affairs & National Security Adviser
RAVAN_A.G._FARHADI_ [AFGGOV 20030801 - 20070131] # Permanent Representative to the UN
SAIDTAYEB_JAWAD_ [AFGGOV 20040601 - 20041231] # Ambassador to the US
SAID_TAYEB_JAWAD_ [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20101031] # Ambassador to the US
SARWAR_DANESH_ [AFGGOVJUD 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Justice
SAYED_AMIR_SHAH_HASANYAR_ [AFGGOVEDU 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Higher Education
SAYED_EKRAMODDIN_MASUMI_AGHA_ [AFGGOVLAB 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Labor and Social Affairs
SAYED_HUSSAIN_ANWARI_ [AFGGOVAGR <20030931] # Minister of Agriculture and Livestock
SAYED_MAKHDOOM_RAHEEN_ [AFGGOVMED <20030931] # Minister of Information and Culture
SAYED_MAKHDUM_RAHIN_ [AFGGOVMED 20050101 - 20060531][AFGGOVMED >20100201] # Minister of Information and Culture
SAYED_MOHAMMAD_ALI_JAWED_ [AFGGOVBUS <20030931] # Minister of Transportation
SAYED_MOHAMMAD_AMIN_FATEMI_ [AFGGOVHLH 20050101 - 20100331] # Minister of Health
SAYED_MUSTAFA_KAZEMI_ [AFGGOVBUS <20030931] # Minister of Commerce
SEDIQA_BALKHI_ [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Martyrs and Disabled
SEYYED_HUSSAIN_ANWARI_ [AFGGOVAGR 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Agriculture and Livestock
SEYYED_MAKHDOOM_RAHEEN_ [AFGGOVMED 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Information and Culture
SEYYED_MOHAMMAD_ALI_JAWED_ [AFGGOVBUS 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Transportation
SEYYED_MUSTAFA_KAZEMI_ [AFGGOVBUS 20031001 - 20041231] # Minister of Commerce
SEYYED_TAYEB_JAWAD_ [AFGGOV 20031001 - 20040531] # Ambassador to the US
SHER_MOHAMMAD_ETEBARI_ [AFGGOVREF 20071201 - 20081231] # Minister of Refugees and Repatriation
SIMA_SAMAR_ [AFGGOVHRI <20070531] # Chair of the Human Rights Commission
SOHAILA_SEDIQ_ [AFGGOVHLH <20041231] # Minister of Public Health
SOHRAB_ALI_SAFARI_ [AFGGOV 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Public Works
SULTAN_HOSSAIN_HESARI_ [AFGGOVDEV >20100401] # Minister of Urban Development "Acting"
SURAB_ALI_SAFARI_ [AFGGOV 20060601 - 20100631] # Minister of Public Works
SURAYA_DALIL_ [AFGGOVHLH >20100401] # Minister of Health "Acting"
TAJ_MOHAMMAD_WARDAK_ [AFGGOV <20030931] # Minister of Interior
USTAD_HAJI_MOHAMMAD_MOHAQQEQ_ [AFGGOV <20040531] # Minister of Planning
WAHIDULLAH_SHAHRANI_ [AFGGOVBUS >20090101] # Minister of Commerce and Industry "Acting"
YOUSEF_PASHTUN_ [AFGGOVDEV 20060601 - 20090231] # Minister of Urban Development
YUNIS_QANUNI_ [AFGGOVEDU <20040931] # Minister of Education
YUSOF_PASHTUN_ [AFGGOVDEV 20050101 - 20060531] # Minister of Housing and Urban Development
ZAHIR_TANIN_ [AFGGOV >20070201] # Permanent Representative to the UN, New York
ZALMAI_RASSOUL_ [AFGGOVMIL 20050901 - 20060131] # National Security Adviser
ZALMAY_RASSOUL_ [AFGGOV >20100201][AFGGOVMIL 20031201 - 20050831][AFGGOVMIL 20060201 - 20100131] # Minister of Foreign Affairs & Presidential Adviser on National Security & National Security Adviser
</Government>
</Country>
有很多因素会导致文件的 XML 格式不正确。
<Chairman of the military council>
ABDUL_QADIR_ [19780427 - 19780430] [B:19440101]
</Chairman of the military council>
但是，我看不出
NATIONALITY除了纯粹的无能之外，很难理解为什么有人会选择发布这样的数据，然后使其变得如此难以阅读。他们显然在管理发布流程和对所有元数据进行编目方面投入了大量精力，所以他们提供如此不专业的东西很奇怪。
如果这是一次性的，那么我会手动编辑它，将其转换为格式良好的 XML。如果您需要重复执行此操作，那么我会联系数据供应商，询问他们认为自己正在玩什么以及是否有可用的替代格式。 （不要害怕这样做；我过去就这样做过，并且发现供应商非常感谢他们的反馈。）
您可以尝试将其通过像 TagSoup 这样的工具来查看是否有意义。