Django：找不到 GDAL 库（OSX）

问题描述 投票：0回答：3

在我的旧 MacBook 坏了之后，我正在将我一直在构建的 Django Web 应用程序转移到我的新机器（MacBook Pro M1 2021）上。我目前正在为应用程序重新安装正确的软件包和扩展。

但是，当我这样做时，我目前收到以下错误

python3 manage.py runserver
：

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Could not find the GDAL library 
(tried "gdal", "GDAL", "gdal3.3.0", "gdal3.2.0", "gdal3.1.0", 
"gdal3.0.0", "gdal2.4.0", "gdal2.3.0", "gdal2.2.0", "gdal2.1.0", "gdal2.0.0"). 
Is GDAL installed? If it is, try setting GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.

我创建的数据库是通过 Postgres.app 上的服务器与 PostGIS、GDAL 等打包在一起的。

我也跑过

pip3 install GDAL
和
brew install GDAL

我尝试遵循 geoDjango 文档，并在终端中添加了以下内容：

export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/14/bin

当我运行 

which psql
时，它会返回：
/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/14/bin/psql

我想不通。

错误的完整追溯：

Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 973, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 910, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 115, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 87, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 300, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 122, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 326, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 207, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 15, in __getattr__
    return getattr(self._connections[self._alias], item)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 62, in __getitem__
    conn = self.create_connection(alias)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 204, in create_connection
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/base.py", line 6, in <module>
    from .features import DatabaseFeatures
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/features.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/features.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db import models
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    import django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions  # NOQA
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/functions.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import BaseSpatialField, GeometryField
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis import forms, gdal
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .fields import (  # NOQA
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/fields.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal import GDALException
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py", line 28, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.datasource import DataSource
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py", line 40, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as vcapi, raster as rcapi
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/ds.py", line 9, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.libgdal import GDAL_VERSION, lgdal
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/libgdal.py", line 46, in <module>
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Could not find the GDAL library (tried "gdal", "GDAL", "gdal3.3.0", "gdal3.2.0", "gdal3.1.0", "gdal3.0.0", "gdal2.4.0", "gdal2.3.0", "gdal2.2.0", "gdal2.1.0", "gdal2.0.0"). Is GDAL installed? If it is, try setting GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.
django postgis gdal geodjango postgis-installation
3个回答
13
投票

好吧，多亏了这个post，我明白了，与我相关的信息是：

解决方案是手动设置GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH（链接）和 settings.py 中的 GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH（链接）：

GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = '/opt/homebrew/opt/gdal/lib/libgdal.dylib'
GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = '/opt/homebrew/opt/geos/lib/libgeos_c.dylib'
0
投票

你需要做：

brew install postgis

之后在settings.py中手动设置GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH和GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH：

GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = '/opt/homebrew/opt/gdal/lib/libgdal.dylib'
GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = '/opt/homebrew/opt/geos/lib/libgeos_c.dylib'
0
投票

Postgres.app
是一个为macOS提供独立的PostgreSQL数据库服务器的应用程序。

GDAL 和 GEOS 库路径的位置可能因版本而异，但遵循类似 

/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/xxx/lib
的路径。 
xxx
是 postgres.app 的版本，例如 14、15。

您需要在

settings.py
中手动设置路径，例如：

GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = '/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/xxx/lib/libgdal.dylib'
GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = '/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/xxx/lib/libgeos_c.dylib'

替换您的版本号，而不是问题作者的 

xxx
，它将是 14。

更好的替代品

MacOS 尝试在标准库路径（如 

/usr/local/lib
、
/usr/lib
）和 
DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
环境变量中的位置中定位 GDAL 库，因此，如果您不喜欢在 
settings.py
中添加额外的代码，您可以将以下内容添加到您的 
.bashrc
或
.zshrc

export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/xxx/lib/
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