Django Test正在使用manage.py测试应用程序，但没有使用manage.py测试

Question

我写了一个测试用例来检查我需要一个Teacher-Object的视图。

class ShowTeacherViewTest(TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpTestData(cls):
    gender = Gender.objects.create(gender='Male')
    gender_id = gender.id
    Teacher.objects.create(
            gender_id=gender_id,
            first_name='Maria',
            last_name='Santana',)

def test_view_uses_correct_template(self):
    teacher = Teacher.objects.first().id
    response = self.client.get(reverse('get_student'), {'teacher': teacher})
    self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

当我运行'manage.py test app'时，一切都很完美。

如果我正在运行'manage.py test'，则此错误消失：

 self.model._meta.object_name
 students.gender.Gender.DoesNotExist: Gender matching query does not exist.

由于一些外键，我也在其他模型测试中使用这些教师对象。那么，在每次测试之前重置test_db是可能的还是必要的？

这是完整的Traceback：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/user/django/venv/teaching/tests/test_get_students.py", line 157, in test_view_uses_correct_template
    response = self.client.get(reverse('get_student'), {'student': student})
  File "/Users/user/anaconda3/envs/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py", line 527, in get
    response = super().get(path, data=data, secure=secure, **extra)
  File "/Users/user/anaconda3/envs/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py", line 339, in get
    **extra,
  File "/Users/user/anaconda3/envs/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py", line 414, in generic
    return self.request(**r)
  File "/Users/user/anaconda3/envs/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py", line 495, in request
    raise exc_value
  File "/Users/user/anaconda3/envs/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 34, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "/Users/user/anaconda3/envs/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 126, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
  File "/Users/user/anaconda3/envs/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 124, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "/Users/user/django/venv/teaching/get_students.py", line 55, in get_student
    image = get_alibi_pic(image, gender, student)
  File "/Users/user/django/venv/teaching/get_students.py", line 27, in get_alibi_pic
    gender_male = Gender.objects.get(pk=1)
  File "/Users/user/anaconda3/envs/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 82, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/user/anaconda3/envs/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 399, in get
    self.model._meta.object_name
students.gender.Gender.DoesNotExist: Gender matching query does not exist.

Answer 1

回溯显示此行失败：

gender_male = Gender.objects.get(pk=1)

您通常不应该在代码或测试中使用硬核主键。使用manage.py test运行所有测试时，使用不同的主键创建对象，因此get(pk=1)失败。

如果您确实需要在代码中对pk进行硬编码，那么您需要在测试类中使用正确的pk创建对象：

gender = Gender.objects.create(pk=1, gender='Male')

但是，更好的解决方法是更改​​代码，以便它不使用硬编码的pk。

gender_male = Gender.objects.get(gender='Male')