用于api调用的Java代码
我想知道如何测试以下两行代码。
private void api(){
//Code to call an API and i want to test this in groovy spock
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
httpHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String url ="url";
String body ="body";
//How to mock below line
RequestEntity<String> requestEntity = RequestEntity.put(new URI(url)).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).body(body);
//And this line
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity,String.class);
HttpStatus StatusCode = responseEntity.getStatusCode();
}
这不是这样的Spock问题(您没有展示Spock规范的任何一行,因此到目前为止没人知道您已经尝试过什么),而是软件工程或常规测试问题。测试意大利面条代码的问题-在这里我的意思是既执行某项操作又同时创建许多对象的代码-从外部无法访问在方法内部创建并存储在局部变量中的对象。有两种方法可以重构代码以提高可测试性:
如果有意义,请更改代码,以使用户能够从外部注入依赖关系,而不是在内部创建依赖关系的代码。请谷歌“依赖注入”,并找到类似的变体
另一种方法是将方法的对象创建部分分解为较小的生产者(或创建者或工厂)方法,然后在使用部分模拟(间谍)时根据您在测试中的选择可以覆盖(存根) )对象。 Spock提供了这类间谍,因此您可以轻松使用它们。
我将显示后一种方法供您参考:
package de.scrum_master.stackoverflow.q58101434;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class MyRestApi {
public HttpStatus api() throws URISyntaxException {
//Code to call an API and i want to test this in groovy spock
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHttpHeaders();
RestTemplate restTemplate = createRestTemplate();
String url ="url";
String body ="body";
//How to mock below line
RequestEntity<String> requestEntity = createRequestEntity(url, body);
//And this line
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = executeRequest(restTemplate, requestEntity);
return responseEntity.getStatusCode();
}
HttpHeaders createHttpHeaders() {
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
httpHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
return httpHeaders;
}
RestTemplate createRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
RequestEntity<String> createRequestEntity(String url, String body) throws URISyntaxException {
return RequestEntity.put(new URI(url)).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).body(body);
}
ResponseEntity<String> executeRequest(RestTemplate restTemplate, RequestEntity<String> requestEntity) {
return restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity,String.class);
}
}
现在看看该方法的结构和可读性如何(仍可以改进,我只是以一种快速而肮脏的方式做到了?)?请特别注意辅助方法createRequestEntity
和executeRequest
。
现在这是您如何编写Spock测试的方法:
package de.scrum_master.stackoverflow.q58101434
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus
import org.springframework.http.RequestEntity
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity
import spock.lang.Specification
import spock.lang.Unroll
class MyRestApiTest extends Specification {
@Unroll
def "API returns status code #statusCode"() {
given: "prepare mocks + spy"
RequestEntity<String> requestEntity = Mock()
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = Mock() {
getStatusCode() >> httpStatus
}
MyRestApi myRestApi = Spy() {
createRequestEntity(_, _) >> requestEntity
executeRequest(_, _) >> responseEntity
}
when: "execute API method"
def result = myRestApi.api()
then: "check expected results"
// This actually only tests mockfunctionality, your real test would look differently
statusCode == result.value()
reasonPhrase == result.reasonPhrase
where:
httpStatus | statusCode | reasonPhrase
HttpStatus.OK | 200 | "OK"
HttpStatus.MOVED_PERMANENTLY | 301 | "Moved Permanently"
HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED | 401 | "Unauthorized"
}
}
如果您不了解此代码,请随时提出(相关!)后续问题。我建议您学习更多有关干净代码,可测试性,一般的模拟测试,尤其是有关Spock的信息。