我正在尝试转换一些法语加拿大语的字符串，基本上，我希望能够在保留字母的同时取出字母中的法语重音符号。 （例如，将é转换为e，因此crème brûlée将成为creme brulee）
实现这一目标的最佳方法是什么？
我没有使用过这种方法，但迈克尔·卡普兰在他的博客文章（带有令人困惑的标题）中描述了这样做的方法，该文章讨论了剥离变音符号：Stripping is an interesting job (aka On the meaning of meaningless, aka All Mn characters are non-spacing, but some are more non-spacing than others)
static string RemoveDiacritics(string text)
{
var normalizedString = text.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD);
var stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
foreach (var c in normalizedString)
{
var unicodeCategory = CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c);
if (unicodeCategory != UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark)
{
stringBuilder.Append(c);
}
}
return stringBuilder.ToString().Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC);
}
请注意，这是他早期帖子的后续内容：qazxsw poi
该方法使用Stripping diacritics....将输入字符串拆分为组成字形（基本上将“基本”字符与变音符号分开），然后扫描结果并仅保留基本字符。这有点复杂，但实际上你正在研究一个复杂的问题。
当然，如果你限制自己使用法语，你可能会按照@David Dibben的推荐，在String.Normalize中使用简单的基于表格的方法。
这是VB版本（与GREEK合作）：
导入System.Text
进口System.Globalization
public static string LatinizeAndConvertToASCII(this string str, bool keepSpace = false)
{
str = str.LatinizeGermanCharacters().ConvertWesternEuropeanToASCII();
return keepSpace ? str : str.RemoveSpace();
}
试试 [TestMethod()]
public void LatinizeAndConvertToASCIITest()
{
string europeanStr = "Bonjour ça va? C'est l'été! Ich möchte ä Ä á à â ê é è ë Ë É ï Ï î í ì ó ò ô ö Ö Ü ü ù ú û Û ý Ý ç Ç ñ Ñ";
string expected = "Bonjourcava?C'estl'ete!IchmoechteaeAeaaaeeeeEEiIiiiooooeOeUeueuuuUyYcCnN";
string actual = europeanStr.LatinizeAndConvertToASCII();
Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
}
。
有一个方法RemoveAccents：
Public Function RemoveDiacritics(ByVal s As String)
Dim normalizedString As String
Dim stringBuilder As New StringBuilder
normalizedString = s.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD)
Dim i As Integer
Dim c As Char
For i = 0 To normalizedString.Length - 1
c = normalizedString(i)
If CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) <> UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark Then
stringBuilder.Append(c)
End If
Next
Return stringBuilder.ToString()
End Function
这就是我在所有.NET程序中将变音字符替换为非变音符号的方法
C＃：
HelperSharp package
VB .NET：
public static string RemoveAccents(this string source)
{
//8 bit characters
byte[] b = Encoding.GetEncoding(1251).GetBytes(source);
// 7 bit characters
string t = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(b);
Regex re = new Regex("[^a-zA-Z0-9]=-_/");
string c = re.Replace(t, " ");
return c;
}
您可以使用MMLib.Extensions nuget包中的字符串扩展名：
//Transforms the culture of a letter to its equivalent representation in the 0-127 ascii table, such as the letter 'é' is substituted by an 'e'
public string RemoveDiacritics(string s)
{
string normalizedString = null;
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
normalizedString = s.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD);
int i = 0;
char c = '\0';
for (i = 0; i <= normalizedString.Length - 1; i++)
{
c = normalizedString[i];
if (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) != UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark)
{
stringBuilder.Append(c);
}
}
return stringBuilder.ToString().ToLower();
}
Nuget页面：'Transforms the culture of a letter to its equivalent representation in the 0-127 ascii table, such as the letter "é" is substituted by an "e"'
Public Function RemoveDiacritics(ByVal s As String) As String
Dim normalizedString As String
Dim stringBuilder As New StringBuilder
normalizedString = s.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD)
Dim i As Integer
Dim c As Char
For i = 0 To normalizedString.Length - 1
c = normalizedString(i)
If CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) <> UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark Then
stringBuilder.Append(c)
End If
Next
Return stringBuilder.ToString().ToLower()
End Function
Codeplex项目网站using MMLib.RapidPrototyping.Generators;
public void ExtensionsExample()
{
string target = "aácčeéií";
Assert.AreEqual("aacceeii", target.RemoveDiacritics());
}
TL; DR - https://www.nuget.org/packages/MMLib.Extensions/
我认为保留字符串含义的最佳解决方案是转换字符而不是剥离它们，这在示例https://mmlib.codeplex.com/到C# string extension method与crème brûlée中得到了很好的说明。
我检查了crme brle并看到Lucene.Net代码是Apache 2.0许可的，所以我已经将类修改为一个简单的字符串扩展方法。你可以像这样使用它：
creme brulee这个函数太长了，无法在StackOverflow答案中发布（~30k的30k字符允许lol）所以Alexander's comment above：
var originalString = "crème brûlée";
var maxLength = originalString.Length; // limit output length as necessary
var foldedString = originalString.FoldToASCII(maxLength);
// "creme brulee"
希望能帮助别人，这是我发现的最强大的解决方案！
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/// <summary>
/// This class converts alphabetic, numeric, and symbolic Unicode characters
/// which are not in the first 127 ASCII characters (the "Basic Latin" Unicode
/// block) into their ASCII equivalents, if one exists.
/// <para/>
/// Characters from the following Unicode blocks are converted; however, only
/// those characters with reasonable ASCII alternatives are converted:
///
/// <ul>
/// <item><description>C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Latin Extended-A: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Latin Extended-B: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Latin Extended Additional: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1E00.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1E00.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Latin Extended-C: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2C60.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2C60.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Latin Extended-D: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA720.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA720.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>IPA Extensions: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0250.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0250.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Phonetic Extensions: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D00.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D00.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Phonetic Extensions Supplement: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D80.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D80.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>General Punctuation: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2000.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2000.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Superscripts and Subscripts: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2070.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2070.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Enclosed Alphanumerics: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2460.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2460.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Dingbats: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2700.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2700.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Supplemental Punctuation: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2E00.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2E00.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Alphabetic Presentation Forms: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFB00.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFB00.pdf</a></description></item>
/// <item><description>Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms: <a href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFF00.pdf">http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFF00.pdf</a></description></item>
/// </ul>
/// <para/>
/// See: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_characters_in_Unicode">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_characters_in_Unicode</a>
/// <para/>
/// For example, '&agrave;' will be replaced by 'a'.
/// </summary>
public static partial class StringExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Converts characters above ASCII to their ASCII equivalents. For example,
/// accents are removed from accented characters.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input"> The string of characters to fold </param>
/// <param name="length"> The length of the folded return string </param>
/// <returns> length of output </returns>
public static string FoldToASCII(this string input, int? length = null)
{
// See https://gist.github.com/andyraddatz/e6a396fb91856174d4e3f1bf2e10951c
}
}
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Globalization
Public Function DECODE(ByVal x As String) As String
Dim sb As New StringBuilder
For Each c As Char In x.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD).Where(Function(a) CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(a) <> UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark)
sb.Append(c)
Next
Return sb.ToString()
End Function
它实际上分裂了What this person said:这是一个字符（这是字符代码Encoding.ASCII.GetString(Encoding.GetEncoding(1251).GetBytes(text));，而不是å加上看起来相同的修饰符00E5）到0061加上某种修饰符，然后ASCII转换删除修饰符，留下唯一030A。
如果你还没有考虑过，可以在这里弹出这个库。看起来有各种各样的单元测试。
a
我非常喜欢a提供的简洁和功能性代码。所以，我已经改变了一点，将其转换为扩展方法：
https://github.com/thomasgalliker/Diacritics.NET
没有足够的声誉，显然我不能评论亚历山大的优秀链接。 - Lucene似乎是在合理通用案例中工作的唯一解决方案。
对于那些想要一个简单的复制粘贴解决方案的人来说，就是利用Lucene中的代码：
string testbed =“ÁÂÄÅÇÉÍÎÓÖØÚÜÞàáâãäåæçèéêëìíïïðñóôöøúüăăčĐęğıŁłńŌōřŞşšźžşţệủ”;
Console.WriteLine（Lucene.latinizeLucene（试验台））;
AAAACEIIOOOUUTHaaaaaaaeceeeeiiiidnoooouuaacDegiLlnOorSsszzsteu
//////////
azrafe7
如果有人感兴趣，我正在寻找类似的东西并结束了以下内容：
string accentedStr;
byte[] tempBytes;
tempBytes = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-8").GetBytes(accentedStr);
string asciiStr = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(tempBytes);
我需要一些转换所有主要unicode字符的东西，并且投票的答案留了一些，所以我创建了一个版本的CodeIgniter的 public static string NormalizeStringForUrl(string name)
{
String normalizedString = name.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD);
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
foreach (char c in normalizedString)
{
switch (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c))
{
case UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter:
case UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter:
case UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber:
stringBuilder.Append(c);
break;
case UnicodeCategory.SpaceSeparator:
case UnicodeCategory.ConnectorPunctuation:
case UnicodeCategory.DashPunctuation:
stringBuilder.Append('_');
break;
}
}
string result = stringBuilder.ToString();
return String.Join("_", result.Split(new char[] { '_' }
, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)); // remove duplicate underscores
}
到C＃中，可以轻松定制：
convert_accented_characters($str)用法
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public static class Strings
{
static Dictionary<string, string> foreign_characters = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
{ "äæǽ", "ae" },
{ "öœ", "oe" },
{ "ü", "ue" },
{ "Ä", "Ae" },
{ "Ü", "Ue" },
{ "Ö", "Oe" },
{ "ÀÁÂÃÄÅǺĀĂĄǍΑΆẢẠẦẪẨẬẰẮẴẲẶА", "A" },
{ "àáâãåǻāăąǎªαάảạầấẫẩậằắẵẳặа", "a" },
{ "Б", "B" },
{ "б", "b" },
{ "ÇĆĈĊČ", "C" },
{ "çćĉċč", "c" },
{ "Д", "D" },
{ "д", "d" },
{ "ÐĎĐΔ", "Dj" },
{ "ðďđδ", "dj" },
{ "ÈÉÊËĒĔĖĘĚΕΈẼẺẸỀẾỄỂỆЕЭ", "E" },
{ "èéêëēĕėęěέεẽẻẹềếễểệеэ", "e" },
{ "Ф", "F" },
{ "ф", "f" },
{ "ĜĞĠĢΓГҐ", "G" },
{ "ĝğġģγгґ", "g" },
{ "ĤĦ", "H" },
{ "ĥħ", "h" },
{ "ÌÍÎÏĨĪĬǏĮİΗΉΊΙΪỈỊИЫ", "I" },
{ "ìíîïĩīĭǐįıηήίιϊỉịиыї", "i" },
{ "Ĵ", "J" },
{ "ĵ", "j" },
{ "ĶΚК", "K" },
{ "ķκк", "k" },
{ "ĹĻĽĿŁΛЛ", "L" },
{ "ĺļľŀłλл", "l" },
{ "М", "M" },
{ "м", "m" },
{ "ÑŃŅŇΝН", "N" },
{ "ñńņňʼnνн", "n" },
{ "ÒÓÔÕŌŎǑŐƠØǾΟΌΩΏỎỌỒỐỖỔỘỜỚỠỞỢО", "O" },
{ "òóôõōŏǒőơøǿºοόωώỏọồốỗổộờớỡởợо", "o" },
{ "П", "P" },
{ "п", "p" },
{ "ŔŖŘΡР", "R" },
{ "ŕŗřρр", "r" },
{ "ŚŜŞȘŠΣС", "S" },
{ "śŝşșšſσςс", "s" },
{ "ȚŢŤŦτТ", "T" },
{ "țţťŧт", "t" },
{ "ÙÚÛŨŪŬŮŰŲƯǓǕǗǙǛŨỦỤỪỨỮỬỰУ", "U" },
{ "ùúûũūŭůűųưǔǖǘǚǜυύϋủụừứữửựу", "u" },
{ "ÝŸŶΥΎΫỲỸỶỴЙ", "Y" },
{ "ýÿŷỳỹỷỵй", "y" },
{ "В", "V" },
{ "в", "v" },
{ "Ŵ", "W" },
{ "ŵ", "w" },
{ "ŹŻŽΖЗ", "Z" },
{ "źżžζз", "z" },
{ "ÆǼ", "AE" },
{ "ß", "ss" },
{ "IJ", "IJ" },
{ "ij", "ij" },
{ "Œ", "OE" },
{ "ƒ", "f" },
{ "ξ", "ks" },
{ "π", "p" },
{ "β", "v" },
{ "μ", "m" },
{ "ψ", "ps" },
{ "Ё", "Yo" },
{ "ё", "yo" },
{ "Є", "Ye" },
{ "є", "ye" },
{ "Ї", "Yi" },
{ "Ж", "Zh" },
{ "ж", "zh" },
{ "Х", "Kh" },
{ "х", "kh" },
{ "Ц", "Ts" },
{ "ц", "ts" },
{ "Ч", "Ch" },
{ "ч", "ch" },
{ "Ш", "Sh" },
{ "ш", "sh" },
{ "Щ", "Shch" },
{ "щ", "shch" },
{ "ЪъЬь", "" },
{ "Ю", "Yu" },
{ "ю", "yu" },
{ "Я", "Ya" },
{ "я", "ya" },
};
public static char RemoveDiacritics(this char c){
foreach(KeyValuePair<string, string> entry in foreign_characters)
{
if(entry.Key.IndexOf (c) != -1)
{
return entry.Value[0];
}
}
return c;
}
public static string RemoveDiacritics(this string s)
{
//StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
string text = "";
foreach (char c in s)
{
int len = text.Length;
foreach(KeyValuePair<string, string> entry in foreign_characters)
{
if(entry.Key.IndexOf (c) != -1)
{
text += entry.Value;
break;
}
}
if (len == text.Length) {
text += c;
}
}
return text;
}
}
如果有人感兴趣，这里是java等价物：
// for strings
"crème brûlée".RemoveDiacritics (); // creme brulee
// for chars
"Ã"[0].RemoveDiacritics (); // A
我经常使用基于我在这里找到的另一个版本的扩展方法（参见qazxsw poi）快速解释：
码：
import java.text.Normalizer;
public class MyClass
{
public static String removeDiacritics(String input)
{
String nrml = Normalizer.normalize(input, Normalizer.Form.NFD);
StringBuilder stripped = new StringBuilder();
for (int i=0;i<nrml.length();++i)
{
if (Character.getType(nrml.charAt(i)) != Character.NON_SPACING_MARK)
{
stripped.append(nrml.charAt(i));
}
}
return stripped.toString();
}
}
希腊语（ISO）的CodePage可以做到这一点
有关此代码页的信息，请访问Replacing characters in C# (ascii)。了解：using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Globalization;
// namespace here
public static class Utility
{
public static string RemoveDiacritics(this string str)
{
if (null == str) return null;
var chars =
from c in str.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD).ToCharArray()
let uc = CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)
where uc != UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark
select c;
var cleanStr = new string(chars.ToArray()).Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC);
return cleanStr;
}
// or, alternatively
public static string RemoveDiacritics2(this string str)
{
if (null == str) return null;
var chars = str
.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD)
.ToCharArray()
.Where(c=> CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) != UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark)
.ToArray();
return new string(chars).Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC);
}
}
希腊语（ISO）的代码页为28597，名称为iso-8859-7。
转到代码... \ o /
System.Text.Encoding.GetEncodings()所以，写这个功能......
https://msdn.microsoft.com/pt-br/library/system.text.encodinginfo.getencoding(v=vs.110).aspx
请注意...... string text = "Você está numa situação lamentável";
string textEncode = System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(text, Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-7"));
//result: "Voce+esta+numa+situacao+lamentavel"
string textDecode = System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode(textEncode);
//result: "Voce esta numa situacao lamentavel"
相当于public string RemoveAcentuation(string text)
{
return
System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode(
System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(
text, Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-7")));
}
，因为第一个是名称，第二个是编码的代码页。
这在java中工作正常。
它基本上将所有重音字符转换为deAccented对应字符，然后将它们组合为变音符号。现在你可以使用正则表达式去除变音符号。
Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-7")有趣的是这样一个问题可以获得如此多的答案，但是没有一个符合我的要求:)有很多语言，完全与语言无关的解决方案是AFAIK真的不可能，因为其他人提到FormC或FormD提出问题。
由于最初的问题与法语有关，因此最简单的工作答案确实如此
Encoding.GetEncoding(28597)1251应该由输入语言的编码代码替换。
但是，这只能用一个字符替换一个字符。由于我也在使用德语作为输入，我做了手动转换
import java.text.Normalizer;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public String deAccent(String str) {
String nfdNormalizedString = Normalizer.normalize(str, Normalizer.Form.NFD);
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\p{InCombiningDiacriticalMarks}+");
return pattern.matcher(nfdNormalizedString).replaceAll("");
}
它可能无法提供最佳性能，但至少它非常易于阅读和扩展。正则表达式是NO GO，比任何字符/字符串都要慢得多。
我还有一个非常简单的方法来删除空间：
public static string ConvertWesternEuropeanToASCII(this string str)
{
return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(Encoding.GetEncoding(1251).GetBytes(str));
}
最后，我使用了以上所有3个扩展的组合：
public static string LatinizeGermanCharacters(this string str)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str.Length);
foreach (char c in str)
{
switch (c)
{
case 'ä':
sb.Append("ae");
break;
case 'ö':
sb.Append("oe");
break;
case 'ü':
sb.Append("ue");
break;
case 'Ä':
sb.Append("Ae");
break;
case 'Ö':
sb.Append("Oe");
break;
case 'Ü':
sb.Append("Ue");
break;
case 'ß':
sb.Append("ss");
break;
default:
sb.Append(c);
break;
}
}
return sb.ToString();
}
并通过一个小单元测试（不详尽）成功通过。
public static string RemoveSpace(this string str)
{
return str.Replace(" ", string.Empty);
}