p5.js中的噪声梯度

问题描述 投票:1回答:1

目标

在插图和其他图形作品中经常看到的效果是两种颜色之间的渐变,带有渐变/噪点,因此获得非常特殊的效果。 (尤其是示例3。)

我的研究显示了许多解决方案,如何在Illustrator等软件中实现这种效果,但我想使用p5js或vanilla js canvas重新创建它。

enter image description here

((来源:https://medium.com/@stefanhrlemann/how-to-create-noisy-risograph-style-gradients-and-textures-in-photoshop-in-3-ways-394d6012a93a

我的尝试

我已经尝试过创建渐变并使用其顶部的像素阵列设置具有特定颜色的随机噪声。仅部分导致所需的效果:

function draw() {
    setGradient(0, 0, width, height, color(0, 0, 0), color(255, 255 ,255));
    setNoise();
}

function setNoise() {
    loadPixels();
    for (let x = 0; x < width; x++ ) {
        for (let y = 0; y < height; y++ ) {
            if (random(1) > 0.9) {
                const index = (x + y * width) * 4;
                pixels[index] = 255;
                pixels[index + 1] = 255;
                pixels[index + 2] = 255;
                pixels[index + 3] = 255;
            }
        }
    }
    updatePixels();
}

function setGradient(x, y, w, h, c1, c2) {
    noFill();
    for (let i = y; i <= y + h; i++) {
        let inter = map(i, y, y + h, 0, 1);
        let c = lerpColor(c1, c2, inter);
        stroke(c);
        line(x, i, x + w, i);
    }
}

enter image description here

您怎么看?这是正确的方法还是有更好/更简单的解决方案?

javascript canvas gradient p5.js
1个回答
2
投票

您需要将噪声与渐变混合。您不能直接混合ImageData,需要首先将其转换为位图(将其放在画布上可以)。因此,您可能更喜欢hard-light,而不是混合您的教程所涉及的overlay,这会颠倒我们图层的顺序。

const w = 300;
const h = 300;
const canvas = document.getElementById( 'canvas' );
const ctx = canvas.getContext( '2d' );
// some colored noise
const data = Uint32Array.from( {length: w*h }, () => Math.random() * 0xFFFFFFFF );
const img = new ImageData( new Uint8ClampedArray( data.buffer ), w, h );

ctx.putImageData( img, 0, 0 );
// first pass to convert our noise to black and transparent
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "color";
ctx.fillRect( 0, 0, w, h );

ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "hard-light";
ctx.fillStyle = ctx.createLinearGradient( 0, 0, 0, h );
ctx.fillStyle.addColorStop( 0.1, 'white' );
ctx.fillStyle.addColorStop( 0.9, 'black' );
ctx.fillRect( 0, 0, w, h );
canvas { background: lime; }
<canvas id="canvas" height="300"></canvas>

但是混合要求您具有不透明的场景。如果您想具有透明度,则也必须使用合成:

const w = 300;
const h = 300;
const canvas = document.getElementById( 'canvas' );
const ctx = canvas.getContext( '2d' );
// some black and transparent noise
const data = Uint32Array.from( {length: w*h }, () => Math.random() > 0.5 ? 0xFF000000 : 0 );
const img = new ImageData( new Uint8ClampedArray( data.buffer ), w, h );

ctx.putImageData( img, 0, 0 );

ctx.fillStyle = ctx.createLinearGradient( 0, 0, 0, h );
ctx.fillStyle.addColorStop( 0.1, 'transparent' );
ctx.fillStyle.addColorStop( 0.9, 'black' );
// apply transparency gradient on noise (dim top)
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "destination-in";
ctx.fillRect( 0, 0, w, h );
// apply black of the gradient on noise (darken bottom)
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "multiply";
ctx.fillRect( 0, 0, w, h ); 

// optionally change the color of the noise
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-atop";
ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.fillRect( 0, 0, w, h );
canvas { background: lime; }
<canvas id="canvas" height="300"></canvas>
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