pip install "scipy==1.10.1" - 这个错误消息是什么意思？

Question

我正在尝试使用以下方式安装特定版本的 scipy：

pip install "scipy==1.10.1"

但是我遇到了一个无法解释的错误：

  Using cached scipy-1.10.1.tar.gz (42.4 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [21 lines of output]
      + meson setup --prefix=c:\users\hugo\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32 C:\Users\hugo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-e_otiu7s\scipy_a4dec49d0df54c3884f33ca8aa92cddf C:\Users\hugo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-e_otiu7s\scipy_a4dec49d0df54c3884f33ca8aa92cddf\.mesonpy-hi22c8nm\build --native-file=C:\Users\hugo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-e_otiu7s\scipy_a4dec49d0df54c3884f33ca8aa92cddf\.mesonpy-native-file.ini -Ddebug=false -Doptimization=2
      The Meson build system
      Version: 1.3.1
      Source dir: C:\Users\hugo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-e_otiu7s\scipy_a4dec49d0df54c3884f33ca8aa92cddf
      Build dir: C:\Users\hugo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-e_otiu7s\scipy_a4dec49d0df54c3884f33ca8aa92cddf\.mesonpy-hi22c8nm\build
      Build type: native build
      Project name: SciPy
      Project version: 1.10.1
      WARNING: Failed to activate VS environment: Could not find C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe

      ..\..\meson.build:1:0: ERROR: Unknown compiler(s): [['icl'], ['cl'], ['cc'], ['gcc'], ['clang'], ['clang-cl'], ['pgcc']]
      The following exception(s) were encountered:
      Running `icl ""` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `cl /?` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `cc --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `gcc --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `clang --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `clang-cl /?` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `pgcc --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"

      A full log can be found at C:\Users\hugo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-e_otiu7s\scipy_a4dec49d0df54c3884f33ca8aa92cddf\.mesonpy-hi22c8nm\build\meson-logs\meson-log.txt
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

背景：

我有一台机器，安装有 Python 3.8.3、numpy 1.24.4、scipy 1.10.1 和 OpenCV 4.2.0。我想让我的另一台机器与它完全匹配。

这些都是 Windows 10 机器。

到目前为止，Python 3.8.3、numpy 1.24.4 和 OpenCV 4.2.0 都安装良好。但是当我尝试安装 scipy（任何版本）时，我收到相同的错误消息。

我似乎找不到带有正确版本的 scipy 和匹配的 python 版本的轮子。

问题：

• 这些错误的含义是什么？
• 需要安装gcc、clang、vswhere.exe等吗？
• 如何安装 scipy？

Answer 1

似乎您需要安装了 C/C++ 堆栈的 Visual Studio，因为该安装脚本正在尝试调用 vswhere 来确定 C 编译器在哪里。

您可能想使用 SciPy 的替代发行版，最好是已经预编译的发行版。

推荐的获取方式是通过 Anaconda，如下所述： https://scipy.org/install/ 如果您不想安装 Anaconda，您可能想像在 Windows 上一样尝试 WinPython。