我一直在尝试在Ubuntu 16.04上使用Docker（1.10）但安装失败，因为Docker Service无法启动。我已经尝试通过docker.io，docker-engine apt packages和curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh安装docker但它不起作用。
我的主机信息是：
Linux Xenial 4.5.3-040503-generic #201605041831 SMP Wed May 4 22:33:50 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
这是systemctl status docker.service：
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since sáb 2016-05-14 15:17:31 CEST; 12min ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Process: 22479 ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 22479 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
may 14 15:17:30 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:30.103601523+02:00" level=info msg="New containerd process, pid: 22485\n"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.149064723+02:00" level=error msg="devmapper: Unable to delete device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.149127439+02:00" level=warning msg="devmapper: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Please use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `man docker` to refer to dm.thinpooldev section."
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.153010028+02:00" level=error msg="[graphdriver] prior storage driver \"devicemapper\" failed: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.153130839+02:00" level=fatal msg="Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31+02:00" level=info msg="stopping containerd after receiving terminated"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Unit entered failed state.
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
这是sudo docker daemon -D
DEBU[0000] docker group found. gid: 999
DEBU[0000] Listener created for HTTP on unix (/var/run/docker.sock)
INFO[0000] previous instance of containerd still alive (23050)
DEBU[0000] containerd connection state change: CONNECTING
DEBU[0000] Using default logging driver json-file
DEBU[0000] Golang's threads limit set to 55980
DEBU[0000] received past containerd event: &types.Event{Type:"live", Id:"", Status:0x0, Pid:"", Timestamp:0x57372cae}
DEBU[0000] containerd connection state change: READY
DEBU[0000] devicemapper: driver version is 4.34.0
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Generated prefix: docker-8:6-2101297
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Checking for existence of the pool docker-8:6-2101297-pool
DEBU[0000] devmapper: poolDataMajMin=7:0 poolMetaMajMin=7:1
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Major:Minor for device: /dev/loop0 is:7:0
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Major:Minor for device: /dev/loop1 is:7:1
DEBU[0000] devmapper: loadDeviceFilesOnStart()
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Skipping file /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/metadata/transaction-metadata
DEBU[0000] devmapper: loadDeviceFilesOnStart() END
DEBU[0000] devmapper: constructDeviceIDMap()
DEBU[0000] devmapper: constructDeviceIDMap() END
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Rolling back open transaction: TransactionID=1 hash= device_id=1
ERRO[0000] devmapper: Unable to delete device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool
WARN[0000] devmapper: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Please use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `man docker` to refer to dm.thinpooldev section.
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Initializing base device-mapper thin volume
DEBU[0000] devicemapper: CreateDevice(poolName=/dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool, deviceID=1)
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Error creating device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Error device setupBaseImage: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool
ERRO[0000] [graphdriver] prior storage driver "devicemapper" failed: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool
DEBU[0000] Cleaning up old mountid : start.
FATA[0000] Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool
这是./check-config.sh输出：
warning: /proc/config.gz does not exist, searching other paths for kernel config ...
info: reading kernel config from /boot/config-4.5.3-040503-generic ...
Generally Necessary:
- cgroup hierarchy: properly mounted [/sys/fs/cgroup]
- apparmor: enabled and tools installed
- CONFIG_NAMESPACES: enabled
- CONFIG_NET_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_PID_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_IPC_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_UTS_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUPS: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED: enabled
- CONFIG_CPUSETS: enabled
- CONFIG_MEMCG: enabled
- CONFIG_KEYS: enabled
- CONFIG_MACVLAN: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_VETH: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_BRIDGE: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NF_NAT_IPV4: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_IP_NF_FILTER: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_ADDRTYPE: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNTRACK: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NF_NAT: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NF_NAT_NEEDED: enabled
- CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE: enabled
Optional Features:
- CONFIG_USER_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_SECCOMP: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS: enabled
- CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM: missing
- CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP: enabled
- CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED: missing
(note that cgroup swap accounting is not enabled in your kernel config, you can enable it by setting boot option "swapaccount=1")
- CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP: enabled
- CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING: enabled
- CONFIG_IOSCHED_CFQ: enabled
- CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB: enabled
- CONFIG_NET_CLS_CGROUP: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_PRIO: enabled
- CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH: enabled
- CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED: enabled
- CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS_POSIX_ACL: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY: missing
(enable these ext3 configs if you are using ext3 as backing filesystem)
- CONFIG_EXT4_FS: enabled
- CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL: enabled
- CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY: enabled
- Network Drivers:
- "overlay":
- CONFIG_VXLAN: enabled (as module)
- Storage Drivers:
- "aufs":
- CONFIG_AUFS_FS: missing
- "btrfs":
- CONFIG_BTRFS_FS: enabled (as module)
- "devicemapper":
- CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DM: enabled
- CONFIG_DM_THIN_PROVISIONING: enabled (as module)
- "overlay":
- CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS: enabled (as module)
- "zfs":
- /dev/zfs: missing
- zfs command: missing
- zpool command: missing
如果有人能帮助我，我会非常感激
更新
似乎在较新版本的docker和Ubuntu中，docker的单元文件只是被屏蔽（指向/ dev / null）。 您可以通过在终端中运行以下命令来验证它：
sudo file /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
sudo file /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket
您应该看到单元文件符号链接到/ dev / null。 在这种情况下，您所要做的就是遵循S34N的建议，然后运行：
sudo systemctl unmask docker.service
sudo systemctl unmask docker.socket
sudo systemctl start docker.service
sudo systemctl status docker
我还会保留原始帖子，它会回答错误日志，说明应该替换存储驱动程序：
原帖
我有同样的问题，我尝试用Salva Cort的建议修复它，但打印/etc/default/docker说：
＃此文件不适用于SYSTEMD
所以这是一个永久修复that works for systemd（Ubuntu 15.04及更高版本）：
/etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/overlay.conf：
[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// -s overlay
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl show --property=ExecStart docker
sudo systemctl restart docker
以下取消屏蔽命令对我有用（Ubuntu 18）。希望它可以帮助那些人...... :-)
sudo systemctl unmask docker.service
sudo systemctl unmask docker.socket
sudo systemctl start docker.service
升级码头从17.05-ce到17.06-ce后通过docker-machine我遇到了同样的问题
`docker daemon` => `dockerd`
例子来自
[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker deamon -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2376 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock --storage-driver aufs --tlsverify --tlscacert /etc/docker/ca.pem --tlscert /etc/docker/server.pem --tlskey /etc/docker/server-key.pem --label provider=generic
Environment=
至
[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2376 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock --storage-driver aufs --tlsverify --tlscacert /etc/docker/ca.pem --tlscert /etc/docker/server.pem --tlskey /etc/docker/server-key.pem --label provider=generic
Environment=
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
好吧，最后我修好了
你需要做的就是在我的情况下加载一个不同的storage-driver我将使用overlay：
sudo systemctl stop docker.serviceoverlay驱动程序）：sudo docker daemon -s overlaysudo docker run hello-world要使这些更改成为永久更改，您必须编辑/etc/default/docker文件并添加选项：
DOCKER_OPTS="-s overlay"
下次加载Docker服务时，它将运行docker daemon -s overlay
按照本博客中的说明，我已经能够在内核升级后使其工作。
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-image-extra-$(uname -r) linux-image-extra-virtual
sudo modprobe aufs
sudo service docker restart
在查看了其他一些答案之后，看起来问题是该服务没有使用-s overlay选项运行。
我也碰巧注意到码头试图在通话结束时启动${DOCKER_OPTS}。
我能够export DOCKER_OPTS="-s overlay"（bc默认DOCKER_OPTS是空的）并让docker运行。
至于我，我得到了这个错误。
Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
最后我发现，它是/etc/docker/daemon.json错误，因为我添加了registry-mirrors
{
"runtimes": {
"nvidia": {
"path": "/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime",
"runtimeArgs": []
}
}
# I forget to add a comma , here !!!!!!!
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}
在我添加它之后，然后systemctl restart docker，我解决了它。
在我的情况下，我从journalctl -xe command得到以下错误
unable to configure the Docker daemon with file /etc/docker/daemon.json: invalid character 'â' looking for beginning of object key string
用/清理/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
}
在升级到ubuntu内核之后我今天遇到了这个问题，并尝试了上面的大量解决方案。然而唯一有效的（Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS）是删除（或重命名）文件夹：/ var / lib / docker
请注意，这将删除所有的泊坞窗图像，容器和卷等。因此在应用或备份之前了解其含义！