问题
有两个并行运行的独立进程，我希望它们来回通信。
代码的解释
在我的精简脚本中，我在进程之间使用队列进行通信。进程p1将数据放入队列中。进程p2从队列中获取数据并对数据执行某些操作。然后，过程p2将修改后的数据放回队列中，最后，过程p1从队列中取回修改后的数据。修改后的数据必须返回到进程p1，因为该进程实际上是一个发送/接收请求的事件服务器。
CODE
#!/usr/bin/python2.7 python2.7
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# script for back-and-forth data exchange between processes
# common modules
import os
import sys
import time
from multiprocessing import Process
from multiprocessing import Queue
from datetime import datetime
someData = {}
class Load():
def post(self):
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
someData = {"process":"p1","class":"Load()","method":"post()","timestamp":timestamp}
queue1.put(someData) # put into queue
print "#20 process 1: put in queue1 =>", someData
time.sleep(3)
while True: # queue1 checking loop, comment out the loop if use time.sleep only
if queue1.empty() == False:
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
res = queue1.get()
res = {"process":"p1","class":"Load()","method":"post()","timestamp":timestamp}
print "#28 get from queue1 =>", res
break
else:
print "#31 queue1 empty"
time.sleep(1)
# while True: # queue2 checking loop
# if queue2.empty() == False:
# timestamp = str(datetime.now())
# res = queue2.get()
# res = {"process":"p1","class":"Load()","method":"post()","timestamp":timestamp}
# print "#39 get from queue2 =>", res
# break
# else:
# print "#42 queue2 empty"
# time.sleep(1)
class Unload():
def get(self):
try:
if queue1.empty() == False:
data = queue1.get() # retrieve package from queue
#queue1.close()
#queue1.join_thread()
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
data = {"process":"p2","class":"Unload()","method":"get()","timestamp":timestamp}
print "#54 process 2: get from queue1 =>", data
self.doSomething(data) # call method
else:
print "#57 queue1 empty"
pass
except:
print "#60 queue1 error"
pass
def doSomething(self, data):
time.sleep(3)
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
someData = {"process":"p2","class":"Unload()","method":"doSomething()","timestamp":timestamp}
self.someData = someData
print "#68 process 2: do something =>", someData
self.put()
def put(self):
time.sleep(3)
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
self.someData = {"process":"p2","class":"Unload()","method":"put()","timestamp":timestamp}
print "#75 process 2: put back in queue1 =>", self.someData
res = self.someData
queue1.put(res)
#print "#78 process 2: put back in queue2 =>", self.someData
#res = self.someData
#queue2.put(res)
#queue2.close()
#queue2.join_thread()
# main
if __name__ == '__main__':
queue1 = Queue()
#queue2 = Queue()
global p1, p2
p1 = Process(target=Load().post(), args=(queue1,)) # process p1
#p1 = Process(target=Load().post(), args=(queue1,queue2,))
p1.daemon = True
p1.start()
p2 = Process(target=Unload().get(), args=(queue1,)) # process p2
#p2 = Process(target=Unload().get(), args=(queue1,queue2,))
p2.start()
p2.join()
[ATTEMPT 1：使用time.sleep（），而进程1中没有while循环仅使用time.sleep，数据就在队列1中向上返回，但从未到达进程1中的最终目的地。结果如下。
#20 process 1: put in queue1 => {'process': 'p1', 'timestamp': '2020-02-23 11:40:30.234466', 'class': 'Load()', 'method': 'post()'}
#54 process 2: get from queue1 => {'process': 'p2', 'timestamp': '2020-02-23 11:40:33.239113', 'class': 'Unload()', 'method': 'get()'}
#68 process 2: do something => {'process': 'p2', 'timestamp': '2020-02-23 11:40:36.242500', 'class': 'Unload()', 'method': 'doSomething()'}
#75 process 2: put back in queue1 => {'process': 'p2', 'timestamp': '2020-02-23 11:40:39.245856', 'class': 'Unload()', 'method': 'put()'}
[ATTEMPT 2：在过程1中使用while循环使用while循环检查队列时，数据进入队列，但紧接着被捕获，它们从未到达进程2。结果如下。
#20 process 1: put in queue1 => {'process': 'p1', 'timestamp': '2020-02-23 11:46:14.606356', 'class': 'Load()', 'method': 'post()'}
#28 get from queue1 => {'process': 'p1', 'timestamp': '2020-02-23 11:46:17.610202', 'class': 'Load()', 'method': 'post()'}
#57 queue1 empty
ATTEMPT 3：使用两个队列使用两个队列：从process1到process2的queue1，从process2到process1的队列2。数据进入队列1，但不返回队列2，它们神秘地消失了。结果如下。
#20 process 1: put in queue1 => {'process': 'p1', 'timestamp': '2020-02-23 11:53:39.745177', 'class': 'Load()', 'method': 'post()'}
#42 queue2 empty
ATTEMPT 4：使用两个带有manager.Queue（）的队列在manager.Queue（）中使用两个队列：从process1到process2的queue1，从process2到process1的queue2。数据进入队列1，但不返回队列2，它们再次神秘地消失。代码和结果如下。
尝试的代码4：＃！/ usr / bin / python2.7 python2.7＃--编码：utf-8--＃用于序列化进程间数据交换的脚本
# common modules
import os
import sys
import time
import multiprocessing
from multiprocessing import Process
from multiprocessing import Queue
from multiprocessing import Manager
from datetime import datetime
someData = {}
manager = multiprocessing.Manager()
queue1 = manager.Queue()
queue2 = manager.Queue()
class Load():
def post(self):
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
someData = {"process":"p1","class":"Load()","method":"post()","timestamp":timestamp}
queue1.put(someData) # put into queue
print "#20 process 1: put in queue1 =>", someData
time.sleep(3)
# while True: # queue1 checking loop
# if queue1.empty() == False:
# timestamp = str(datetime.now())
# res = queue1.get()
# res = {"process":"p1","class":"Load()","method":"post()","timestamp":timestamp}
# print "#28 get from queue1 =>", res
# break
# else:
# print "#31 queue1 empty"
# time.sleep(1)
while True: # queue2 checking loop
if queue2.empty() == False:
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
res = queue2.get()
res = {"process":"p1","class":"Load()","method":"post()","timestamp":timestamp}
print "#39 get from queue2 =>", res
break
else:
print "#42 queue2 empty"
time.sleep(1)
class Unload():
def get(self):
try:
if queue1.empty() == False:
data = queue1.get() # retrieve package from queue
#queue1.close()
#queue1.join_thread()
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
data = {"process":"p2","class":"Unload()","method":"get()","timestamp":timestamp}
print "#54 process 2: get from queue1 =>", data
self.doSomething(data) # call method
else:
print "#57 queue1 empty"
pass
except:
print "#60 queue1 error"
pass
def doSomething(self, data):
time.sleep(3)
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
someData = {"process":"p2","class":"Unload()","method":"doSomething()","timestamp":timestamp}
self.someData = someData
print "#68 process 2: do something =>", someData
self.put()
def put(self):
time.sleep(3)
timestamp = str(datetime.now())
self.someData = {"process":"p2","class":"Unload()","method":"put()","timestamp":timestamp}
res = self.someData
#print "#75 process 2: put back in queue1 =>", self.someData
#queue1.put(res)
print "#78 process 2: put back in queue2 =>", self.someData
queue2.put(res)
#queue2.close()
#queue2.join_thread()
# main
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager = multiprocessing.Manager()
queue1 = manager.Queue()
queue2 = manager.Queue()
global p1, p2
#p1 = Process(target=Load().post(), args=(queue1,)) # process p1
p1 = Process(target=Load().post(), args=(queue1,queue2,))
p1.daemon = True
p1.start()
#p2 = Process(target=Unload().get(), args=(queue1,)) # process p2
p2 = Process(target=Unload().get(), args=(queue1,queue2,))
p2.start()
p2.join()
尝试4的结果：
#20 process 1: put in queue1 => {'process': 'p1', 'timestamp': '2020-02-24 13:06:17.687762', 'class': 'Load()', 'method': 'post()'}
#42 queue2 empty
问题我检查了其他方面的资源，但它们都涉及一个方向的沟通。以下是资源列表。
我如何让process1等待并从process2检索修改后的数据？我是否应该考虑在进程之间进行通信的另一种方法，例如管道，zeroMQ？
我认为您只是错过了队列超时用法
try:
result = que_out.get(True, 1)
except queue.Empty:
continue
此简化示例可能会为您提供帮助：
import uuid
from multiprocessing import Process
from multiprocessing import Queue
import queue
def load(que_in, que_out):
request = {"id": uuid.uuid4(), "workload": "do_stuff", }
que_in.put(request)
print("load: sent request {}: {}".format(request["id"], request["workload"]))
while True:
try:
result = que_out.get(True, 1)
except queue.Empty:
continue
print("load: got result {}: {}".format(result["id"], result["result"]))
def unload(que_in, que_out):
def processed(request):
return {"id": request["id"], "result": request["workload"] + " processed", }
while True:
try:
request = que_in.get(True, 1)
except queue.Empty:
continue
print("unload: got request {}: {}".format(request["id"], request["workload"]))
result = processed(request)
que_out.put(result)
print("unload: sent result {}: {}".format(result["id"], result["result"]))
# main
if __name__ == '__main__':
que_in = Queue()
que_out = Queue()
p1 = Process(target=load, args=(que_in, que_out)) # process p1
p1.daemon = True
p1.start()
p2 = Process(target=unload, args=(que_in, que_out)) # process p2
p2.start()
p2.join()
输出
load: sent request d9894e41-3e8a-4474-9563-1a99797bc722: do_stuff
unload: got request d9894e41-3e8a-4474-9563-1a99797bc722: do_stuff
unload: sent result d9894e41-3e8a-4474-9563-1a99797bc722: do_stuff processed
load: got result d9894e41-3e8a-4474-9563-1a99797bc722: do_stuff processed
您必须使用Manager封装的队列在进程之间传播更改，否则每个进程都有其单独的队列对象，看不到其他队列对象。 Manager为所有子进程创建队列的共享实例。
因此queue1 = Queue()变为queue1 = manager.Queue()，而from multiprocessing import Manager在顶部。如果要使用两个队列方法，显然必须以相同的方式包装第二个队列。
相关资源：