如何在python中注释xml的整个块和单个标签？

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

如何在python中注释整个xml的特定块和特定标记？在xml下面，有很多<list>标签。1）必须注释整个块<list> {some_data}</list>，其中<list name="list_name1">2）如果观察到<list name="list_name3">，则<p> tags中有2个<item>。 

<p name="address1">some/address-3</p><p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>

这里，必须注释第二个<p> tag，即，<p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>，所有这些实例。

How can we achieve this in python ?
Which is best xml module in python ?

sample_file.xml

    <raml xmlns="abcd.xsd" version="0.1">
    <newData type="hw">
        <header>
          <log action="create" dateTime="2020-01-15T16:45:12.001Z" />
        </header>
        <sampleObject class="com.abcd.efgh:VASDF" distName="some_unique_name" operation="update" version="HDGEKB_8363_845"> 
            <p name="p_name1">true</p>
            <list name="list_name1">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-6</p>
                </item>
            </list>
            <list name="list_name2">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
            </list>
            <list name="list_name3">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">1_1</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">3_3</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
             </list>                                                                
        </sampleObject> 
    </newData>

</raml>

output_file.xml，应如下图所示

<raml xmlns="abcd.xsd" version="0.1">
    <newData type="hw">
        <header>
          <log action="create" dateTime="2020-01-15T16:45:12.001Z" />
        </header>
        <sampleObject class="com.abcd.efgh:VASDF" distName="some_unique_name" operation="update" version="HDGEKB_8363_845"> 
            <p name="p_name1">true</p>
            <!--<list name="list_name1">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">some/value-6</p>
                </item>
            </list> -->
            <list name="list_name2">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
            </list>
            <list name="list_name3">
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
                    <!--<p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>-->
                    <p name="value">1</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">1_1</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
                    <p name="value">2</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
                    <!--<p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>-->
                    <p name="value">3</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1_1">some/address-1_1</p>
                    <p name="value">3_3</p>
                <item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
                    <p name="value">4</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-5</p>
                    <p name="value">5</p>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <p name="address1">some/address-6</p>
                    <p name="value">6</p>
                </item>
             </list>                                                                
        </sampleObject> 
    </newData>

</raml>
python-3.x xml-parsing xml-namespaces elementtree
1个回答
1
投票

lxml可以将任何元素替换为另一个元素，包括注释，但不幸的是，如果您从现有元素创建此注释的文本，lxml再次将默认名称空间复制到注释文本。

所以不是lxml，我决定使用BeautifulSoup，它处理名称空间更“宽大”。

尝试以下代码：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Comment

soup = BeautifulSoup(open('Input.xml'), 'xml')
for elem in soup.findAll('list'):
    elem.replace_with(Comment(str(elem)))
print(soup.prettify())

对于您输入的XML，缩短了一点，我得到了：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<raml version="0.1" xmlns="abcd.xsd">
  <newData type="hw">
    <header>
      <log action="create" dateTime="2020-01-15T16:45:12.001Z"/>
    </header>
    <sampleObject class="com.abcd.efgh:VASDF" distName="some_unique_name" operation="update" version="HDGEKB_8363_845">
      <p name="p_name1">true</p>
<!--<list name="list_name1">
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-1</p>
<p name="value">1</p>
</item>
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-2</p>
<p name="value">2</p>
</item>
</list>-->
<!--<list name="list_name2">
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-3</p>
<p name="value">3</p>
</item>
<item>
<p name="address1">some/address-4</p>
<p name="value">4</p>
</item>
</list>-->
    </sampleObject>
  </newData>
</raml>

编辑

如果要仅注释掉一个list元素（例如，使用name属性设置为“ list_name1”），更正很简单：

findAll具有另一个参数，即attrs（字典），您可以在其中传递任何属性名称/值来缩小选择范围。

在这种情况下，将循环更改为：

for elem in soup.findAll('list', attrs={'name': 'list_name1'}):
    elem.replace_with(Comment(str(elem)))

仅删除选定的元素，执行此操作的方法名称为不太直观，即是decompose。

为此，请运行：

for elem in soup.findAll('list', attrs={'name': 'list_name1'}):
    elem.decompose()

根据有关XML前缀的注释进行编辑

删除XML前缀的一种方法是调用BeautifulSoup without第二个xml参数。

但是输出中的根元素是html，包含在body内部元素，并且raml元素在其中。

因此要删除这两个“外部”元素，将代码更改为：

soup = BeautifulSoup(open('Input.xml'))
for elem in soup.findAll('list'):
    elem.replace_with(Comment(str(elem)))
print(soup.html.body.raml.prettify())

例如<p>元素保留在single行中。

有点“肮脏”的解决方案，但希望能达到预期的结果。

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