如何使用karma和jasmine对Angular 2.0.0版中的路由器进行单元测试?
这是我的旧单元测试在版本2.0.0-beta.14中的样子
import {
it,
inject,
injectAsync,
beforeEach,
beforeEachProviders,
TestComponentBuilder
} from 'angular2/testing';
import { RootRouter } from 'angular2/src/router/router';
import { Location, RouteParams, Router, RouteRegistry, ROUTER_PRIMARY_COMPONENT } from 'angular2/router';
import { SpyLocation } from 'angular2/src/mock/location_mock';
import { provide } from 'angular2/core';
import { App } from './app';
describe('Router', () => {
let location, router;
beforeEachProviders(() => [
RouteRegistry,
provide(Location, {useClass: SpyLocation}),
provide(Router, {useClass: RootRouter}),
provide(ROUTER_PRIMARY_COMPONENT, {useValue: App})
]);
beforeEach(inject([Router, Location], (_router, _location) => {
router = _router;
location = _location;
}));
it('Should be able to navigate to Home', done => {
router.navigate(['Home']).then(() => {
expect(location.path()).toBe('');
done();
}).catch(e => done.fail(e));
});
});
为了测试,我们现在使用TestBed
创建一个测试模块。我们可以使用TestBed#configureTestingModule
并将元数据对象传递给它,就像我们传递给@NgModule
一样
beforeEach(() => {
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
imports: [ /* modules to import */ ],
providers: [ /* add providers */ ],
declarations: [ /* components, directives, and pipes */ ]
});
});
对于路由,而不是使用正常的RouterModule
,我们将改为使用RouterTestingModule
。这设置了Router
和Location
,所以你不需要自己。您也可以通过调用RouterTestingModule.withRoutes(Routes)
将路径传递给它
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
imports: [
RouterTestingModule.withRoutes([
{ path: 'home', component: DummyComponent }
])
]
})
要在测试中获得Location
和Router
,同样的方法也适用,就像在你的例子中一样。
let router, location;
beforeEach(() => {
TestBed...
});
beforeEach(inject([Router, Location], (_router: Router, _location: Location) => {
router = _router;
location = _location;
}));
您也可以根据需要注入每个测试
it('should go home',
async(inject([Router, Location], (router: Router, location: Location) => {
})));
上面的async
像done
一样使用,除了我们不需要明确地调用done
。在所有异步任务完成后,Angular实际上会为我们做这件事。
获得提供者的另一种方法是从试验台。
let location, router;
beforeEach(() => {
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
imports: [RouterTestingModule.withRoutes([
{ path: 'home', component: DummyComponent }
])],
});
let injector = getTestBed();
location = injector.get(Location);
router = injector.get(Router);
});
这是一个完整的测试,重构你的例子
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Location } from '@angular/common';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';
import { RouterTestingModule } from '@angular/router/testing';
import { fakeAsync, async, inject, TestBed, getTestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { By } from '@angular/platform-browser';
@Component({
template: `
<router-outlet></router-outlet>
`
})
class RoutingComponent { }
@Component({
template: ''
})
class DummyComponent { }
describe('component: RoutingComponent', () => {
let location, router;
beforeEach(() => {
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
imports: [RouterTestingModule.withRoutes([
{ path: 'home', component: DummyComponent }
])],
declarations: [RoutingComponent, DummyComponent]
});
});
beforeEach(inject([Router, Location], (_router: Router, _location: Location) => {
location = _location;
router = _router;
}));
it('should go home', async(() => {
let fixture = TestBed.createComponent(RoutingComponent);
fixture.detectChanges();
router.navigate(['/home']).then(() => {
expect(location.path()).toBe('/home');
console.log('after expect');
});
}));
});
此外,如果你想简单地模拟路由器,这实际上可能是进行单元测试的更好方法,你可以简单地做
let routerStub;
beforeEach(() => {
routerStub = {
navigate: jasmine.createSpy('navigate'),
};
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
providers: [ { provide: Router, useValue: routerStub } ],
});
});
在测试中,您要做的就是测试在组件与之交互时使用正确的参数调用存根
expect(routerStub.navigate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(['/route']);
除非你真的想测试一些路由,否则这可能是首选的方法。无需设置任何路由。在单元测试中,如果您使用实际路由,则会涉及不必要的副作用,这可能会影响您实际尝试测试的内容,这只是组件的行为。组件的行为是简单地调用navigate
方法。它不需要测试路由器的工作原理。 Angular已经保证了这一点。
Paul建议的好方法我也以相同的方式配置我的路由,但另外我添加了服务来更新一些数据以进行路由,然后检查当前位置。
所以你可以添加服务来更新组件上的数据,这些数据会渲染一些数据,然后检查导航。
在TestBed.configureTestingModule中配置如下
providers : [MyService]
然后在foreach中创建get服务
myService= TestBed.get(MyService);
从服务中更新一些数据
myService.someMethodCall();
这样,您可以在一些数据渲染发生后播放。
而不是使用useValue
为routerStub
,你可以在useClass
使用providers
,它真的对我有用。
export class RouterStub {
public url: string = '/';
constructor() { }
enter code here
navigateByUrl(url: any) {
this.url = url;
}
}
而在beforeEach
只是实例化routerStub
对象
routerStub = new RouterStub()
而在测试用例中
component.router.navigateByUrl('/test');
fixture.detectChanges();