如何在C ++中在Raspberry Pi上通过i2c将MLX90640热像仪图像数据导入OpenCV？

问题描述 投票：3回答：1

我正在使用通过i2c连接到Raspberry Pi 3的MelexixMLX9064032x24热像仪传感器。

使用Pimoroni中的代码，我可以通过带有fbuf示例的帧缓冲区在屏幕上以假色显示摄像机数据。

由于这是直接显示在帧缓冲区而不是视频流或相机设备上，所以我无法在OpenCV中读取它。我想使用Open CV中的视频流来统计房间中的人数，但不知道如何修改fbuf代码以输出视频。

不必是视频，只需是OpenCV可以连续读取的图像流

我尝试过的

我安装了v4l2loopback以在Pi上的/dev/video0创建虚拟相机设备。然后，我使用Gstreamer创建了屏幕的特定区域的流，fbuf代码将其红外照相机的伪彩色数据写入了该区域。这创建了一个可由OpenCV读取的流，但是它没有更新该流中的热图像数据。有时图像数据会部分消失，但正常情况下显示为Pi桌面。它似乎也很笨拙，所以我想要一个更可靠的解决方案。

到目前为止的结果

[Lepton有一个使用v4l2loopback的ondemandcam示例的传感器示例，但这是一个不同的传感器，它与SPI而不是i2c通信。

我的目标是将此代码与Pimoroni的帧捕获代码fbuf结合起来，以从传感器获取稳定的视频流，以便将其导入OpenCV。

Lepton的代码基于v4l2loopback中的ondemandcam示例。它将自己的传感器代码添加到grab_frame()功能。 open_vpipe()功能与ondemandcam示例相同。

如果我可以将fbuf中的帧缓冲代码放入grab_frame()函数中，那么我认为它将起作用。我不确定该怎么做。

fbuf代码段

此for循环似乎是我需要在grab_frame()函数中添加的内容。

for(int y = 0; y < 24; y++){
            for(int x = 0; x < 32; x++){
                float val = mlx90640To[32 * (23-y) + x];
                put_pixel_false_colour((y*IMAGE_SCALE), (x*IMAGE_SCALE), val);
            }
        }

fbuf完整代码

#include <stdint.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <fstream>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include <math.h>
#include "headers/MLX90640_API.h"
#include "lib/fb.h"

#define MLX_I2C_ADDR 0x33

#define IMAGE_SCALE 5

// Valid frame rates are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64
// The i2c baudrate is set to 1mhz to support these
#define FPS 8
#define FRAME_TIME_MICROS (1000000/FPS)

// Despite the framerate being ostensibly FPS hz
// The frame is often not ready in time
// This offset is added to the FRAME_TIME_MICROS
// to account for this.
#define OFFSET_MICROS 850

void put_pixel_false_colour(int x, int y, double v) {
    // Heatmap code borrowed from: 
http://www.andrewnoske.com/wiki/Code_-_heatmaps_and_color_gradients
    const int NUM_COLORS = 7;
    static float color[NUM_COLORS][3] = { {0,0,0}, {0,0,1}, {0,1,0}, {1,1,0}, {1,0,0}, {1,0,1}, {1,1,1} };
    int idx1, idx2;
    float fractBetween = 0;
    float vmin = 5.0;
    float vmax = 50.0;
    float vrange = vmax-vmin;
    v -= vmin;
    v /= vrange;
    if(v <= 0) {idx1=idx2=0;}
    else if(v >= 1) {idx1=idx2=NUM_COLORS-1;}
    else
    {
        v *= (NUM_COLORS-1);
        idx1 = floor(v);
        idx2 = idx1+1;
        fractBetween = v - float(idx1);
    }

    int ir, ig, ib;


    ir = (int)((((color[idx2][0] - color[idx1][0]) * fractBetween) + color[idx1][0]) * 255.0);
    ig = (int)((((color[idx2][1] - color[idx1][1]) * fractBetween) + color[idx1][1]) * 255.0);
    ib = (int)((((color[idx2][2] - color[idx1][2]) * fractBetween) + color[idx1][2]) * 255.0);

    for(int px = 0; px < IMAGE_SCALE; px++){
        for(int py = 0; py < IMAGE_SCALE; py++){
            fb_put_pixel(x + px, y + py, ir, ig, ib);
        }
    }
}

int main(){
    static uint16_t eeMLX90640[832];
    float emissivity = 1;
    uint16_t frame[834];
    static float image[768];
    static float mlx90640To[768];
    float eTa;
    static uint16_t data[768*sizeof(float)];

    auto frame_time = std::chrono::microseconds(FRAME_TIME_MICROS + OFFSET_MICROS);

    MLX90640_SetDeviceMode(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0);
    MLX90640_SetSubPageRepeat(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0);
    switch(FPS){
        case 1:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b001);
            break;
        case 2:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b010);
            break;
        case 4:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b011);
            break;
        case 8:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b100);
            break;
        case 16:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b101);
            break;
        case 32:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b110);
            break;
        case 64:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b111);
            break;
        default:
            printf("Unsupported framerate: %d", FPS);
            return 1;
    }
    MLX90640_SetChessMode(MLX_I2C_ADDR);

    paramsMLX90640 mlx90640;
    MLX90640_DumpEE(MLX_I2C_ADDR, eeMLX90640);
    MLX90640_ExtractParameters(eeMLX90640, &mlx90640);

    fb_init();

    while (1){
        auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
        MLX90640_GetFrameData(MLX_I2C_ADDR, frame);
        MLX90640_InterpolateOutliers(frame, eeMLX90640);

        eTa = MLX90640_GetTa(frame, &mlx90640);
        MLX90640_CalculateTo(frame, &mlx90640, emissivity, eTa, mlx90640To);

        for(int y = 0; y < 24; y++){
            for(int x = 0; x < 32; x++){
                float val = mlx90640To[32 * (23-y) + x];
                put_pixel_false_colour((y*IMAGE_SCALE), (x*IMAGE_SCALE), val);
            }
        }
        auto end = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
        auto elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end - start);
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(frame_time - elapsed));
    }

    fb_cleanup();
    return 0;
}

使用修改后的代码更新＃1

我在顶部添加了此内容：

#include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

然后我按照您的建议修改了循环，但无法编译。

更新＃2

现在我只有一个编译错误。

error:no match for 'operator[[]' (operand types are 'cv::Mat' and 'int')
test_mat[y,x] = val;
        ^

更新＃3

现在编译错误消失了，但是出现了这些错误。

g++ -I. -std=c++11 -std=c++11   -c -o examples/fbuf.o examples/fbuf.cpp
g++ -L/home/pi/mlx90640-library examples/fbuf.o examples/lib/fb.o libMLX90640_API.a -o fbuf -lbcm2835
examples/fbuf.o: In function `cv::Mat::Mat(int, int, int, void*, unsigned int)':
fbuf.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3MatC2EiiiPvj[_ZN2cv3MatC5EiiiPvj]+0x144): undefined reference to `cv::error(int, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, char const*, char const*, int)'
fbuf.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3MatC2EiiiPvj[_ZN2cv3MatC5EiiiPvj]+0x21c): undefined reference to `cv::error(int, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, char const*, char const*, int)'
fbuf.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3MatC2EiiiPvj[_ZN2cv3MatC5EiiiPvj]+0x2ac): undefined reference to `cv::Mat::updateContinuityFlag()'
examples/fbuf.o: In function `cv::Mat::~Mat()':
fbuf.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3MatD2Ev[_ZN2cv3MatD5Ev]+0x3c): undefined reference to `cv::fastFree(void*)'
examples/fbuf.o: In function `cv::Mat::release()':
fbuf.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv3Mat7releaseEv[_ZN2cv3Mat7releaseEv]+0x68): undefined reference to `cv::Mat::deallocate()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:37: recipe for target 'fbuf' failed
make: *** [fbuf] Error 1

更新＃4进行编译，但在OpenCV中没有Mat的可视输出

现在程序开始编译。我必须在makefile.txt中添加其他内容

我添加了：

CPPFLAGS = `pkg-config --cflags opencv`
LDLIBS = `pkg-config --libs opencv`

和$(I2C_LIBS) $(CPPFLAGS到以下命令：

fbuf: examples/fbuf.o examples/lib/fb.o libMLX90640_API.a
    $(CXX) -L/home/pi/mlx90640-library $^ -o $@ $(I2C_LIBS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDLIBS)

现在，我的循环看起来像这样，但是当我运行程序时，没有输出。由于我不再使用虚假图像功能，如何显示垫子上的图像？

更新5-已解决

由于Mark Setchell和Pimoroni的原始代码，我现在有了将MLX90640传感器数据导入OpenCV的代码。我还能够用OpenCV中内置的applyColorMap函数替换假色函数。

现在，我可以开始使用OpenCV处理数据。我使用了多次Mat转换来获得最终图像。这样做可能是更有效的方法。

完整的工作代码

#include <stdint.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <fstream>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include <math.h>
#include "headers/MLX90640_API.h"

#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define MLX_I2C_ADDR 0x33

// Valid frame rates are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64
// The i2c baudrate is set to 1mhz to support these
#define FPS 8
#define FRAME_TIME_MICROS (1000000/FPS)

// Despite the framerate being ostensibly FPS hz
// The frame is often not ready in time
// This offset is added to the FRAME_TIME_MICROS
// to account for this.
#define OFFSET_MICROS 850

int main(){
    static uint16_t eeMLX90640[832];
    float emissivity = 1;
    uint16_t frame[834];
    static float image[768];
    static float mlx90640To[768];
    float eTa;
    static uint16_t data[768*sizeof(float)];

    auto frame_time = std::chrono::microseconds(FRAME_TIME_MICROS + OFFSET_MICROS);

    MLX90640_SetDeviceMode(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0);
    MLX90640_SetSubPageRepeat(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0);
    switch(FPS){
        case 1:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b001);
            break;
        case 2:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b010);
            break;
        case 4:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b011);
            break;
        case 8:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b100);
            break;
        case 16:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b101);
            break;
        case 32:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b110);
            break;
        case 64:
            MLX90640_SetRefreshRate(MLX_I2C_ADDR, 0b111);
            break;
        default:
            printf("Unsupported framerate: %d", FPS);
            return 1;
    }
    MLX90640_SetChessMode(MLX_I2C_ADDR);

    paramsMLX90640 mlx90640;
    MLX90640_DumpEE(MLX_I2C_ADDR, eeMLX90640);
    MLX90640_ExtractParameters(eeMLX90640, &mlx90640);

    while (1){
        auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
        MLX90640_GetFrameData(MLX_I2C_ADDR, frame);
        MLX90640_InterpolateOutliers(frame, eeMLX90640);

        eTa = MLX90640_GetTa(frame, &mlx90640);
        MLX90640_CalculateTo(frame, &mlx90640, emissivity, eTa, mlx90640To);

        Mat IR_mat (32,24, CV_32FC1, data); 

        for(int y = 0; y < 24; y++){
            for(int x = 0; x < 32; x++){
                float val = mlx90640To[32 * (23-y) + x];
                IR_mat.at<float>(x,y) = val;
            }
        }

        // Normalize the mat
        Mat normal_mat;
        normalize(IR_mat, normal_mat, 0,1.0, NORM_MINMAX, CV_32FC1);

        // Convert Mat to CV_U8 to use applyColorMap
        double minVal, maxVal;
        minMaxLoc(normal_mat, &minVal, &maxVal);
        Mat u8_mat;
        normal_mat.convertTo(u8_mat, CV_8U, 255.0/(maxVal - minVal), -minVal);

        // Resize mat
        Mat size_mat;
        resize(u8_mat, size_mat, Size(240,320), INTER_CUBIC);

        // Apply false color
        Mat falsecolor_mat;
        applyColorMap(size_mat, falsecolor_mat, COLORMAP_JET);

        // Display stream in window
        namedWindow( "IR Camera Window");
        imshow ("IR Camera Window", falsecolor_mat);
        waitKey(1);

        auto end = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
        auto elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end - start);
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(frame_time - elapsed));
    }


    return 0;
}

MLX90640 False Color Thermal image in OpenCV

c++ opencv raspberry-pi3 i2c
1个回答
0
投票

您能否提供有关在OpenCV上获取图像的说明。我是Pi新手，并且使用相同的相机。我也无法通过fbuf显示正在运行的图像。

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