在Windows 10上,我已经安装Anaconda
并启动了Spyder
。自从我执行
Theano
,Tensorflow
和Keras
进口喀拉拉邦
控制台输出
使用Tensorflow后端
当我编译并拟合神经网络时,它运行良好。但是,当我尝试运行k-fold交叉验证,通过keras包装器组合scikit-learn并使用参数n_jobs = -1(通常为n_jobs具有任何值,从而具有多处理功能)时,控制台将永久冻结,直到重新启动内核手动或终止Spyder。
另一个问题,当我尝试使用GridSearchCV运行某些参数调整时,例如100个时期,它不会冻结,但会输出时期1/1而不是1/100,通常会给出不好的结果,而不合逻辑(即只运行几分钟,而通常需要几个小时!)。>
我的代码是:
# Part 1 - Data Preprocessing # Importing the libraries import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pandas as pd # Importing the dataset dataset = pd.read_csv('Churn_Modelling.csv') X = dataset.iloc[:, 3:13].values y = dataset.iloc[:, 13].values # Encoding categorical data # Encoding the Independent Variable from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder, OneHotEncoder labelencoder_X_1 = LabelEncoder() X[:, 1] = labelencoder_X_1.fit_transform(X[:, 1]) labelencoder_X_2 = LabelEncoder() X[:, 2] = labelencoder_X_2.fit_transform(X[:, 2]) onehotencoder = OneHotEncoder(categorical_features = [1]) X = onehotencoder.fit_transform(X).toarray() # Avoiding the dummy variable trap X = X[:, 1:] # Splitting the dataset into the Training set and Test set from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size = 0.2, random_state = 0) # Feature Scaling from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler sc = StandardScaler() X_train = sc.fit_transform(X_train) X_test = sc.transform(X_test) # Part 2 - Now let's make the ANN! # Importing the Keras libraries and packages import keras from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense from keras.layers import Dropout # Initialising the ANN classifier = Sequential() # Adding the input layer and the first hidden layer with dropout classifier.add(Dense(units = 6, kernel_initializer = 'uniform', activation = 'relu', input_dim = 11)) classifier.add(Dropout(rate = 0.1)) # p should vary from 0.1 to 0.4, NOT HIGHER, because then we will have under-fitting. # Adding the second hidden layer with dropout classifier.add(Dense(units = 6, kernel_initializer = 'uniform', activation = 'relu')) classifier.add(Dropout(rate = 0.1)) # Adding the output layer classifier.add(Dense(units = 1, kernel_initializer = 'uniform', activation = 'sigmoid')) # Compiling the ANN classifier.compile(optimizer = 'adam', loss = 'binary_crossentropy', metrics = ['accuracy']) # Fitting the ANN to the Training set classifier.fit(X_train, y_train, batch_size = 10, epochs = 100) # Part 3 - Making predictions and evaluating the model # Predicting the Test set results y_pred = classifier.predict(X_test) y_pred = (y_pred > 0.5) # Making the Confusion Matrix from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred) new_prediction = classifier.predict(sc.transform(np.array([[0, 0, 600, 1, 40, 3, 60000, 2, 1, 1, 50000]]))) new_prediction = (new_prediction > 0.5) #Part 4 = Evaluating, Improving and Tuning the ANN # Evaluating the ANN from keras.wrappers.scikit_learn import KerasClassifier from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense def build_classifier(): classifier = Sequential() classifier.add(Dense(units = 6, kernel_initializer = 'uniform', activation = 'relu', input_dim = 11)) classifier.add(Dense(units = 6, kernel_initializer = 'uniform', activation = 'relu')) classifier.add(Dense(units = 1, kernel_initializer = 'uniform', activation = 'sigmoid')) classifier.compile(optimizer = 'adam', loss = 'binary_crossentropy', metrics = ['accuracy']) return classifier classifier = KerasClassifier(build_fn = build_classifier, batch_size = 10, nb_epoch = 100) accuracies = cross_val_score(estimator = classifier, X = X_train, y = y_train, cv = 10, n_jobs = -1) mean = accuracies.mean() variance = accuracies.std() # Improving the ANN # Tuning the ANN from keras.wrappers.scikit_learn import KerasClassifier from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense def build_classifier(optimizer): classifier = Sequential() classifier.add(Dense(units = 6, kernel_initializer = 'uniform', activation = 'relu', input_dim = 11)) classifier.add(Dense(units = 6, kernel_initializer = 'uniform', activation = 'relu')) classifier.add(Dense(units = 1, kernel_initializer = 'uniform', activation = 'sigmoid')) classifier.compile(optimizer = optimizer, loss = 'binary_crossentropy', metrics = ['accuracy']) return classifier classifier = KerasClassifier(build_fn = build_classifier) parameters = {"batch_size": [25, 32], "nb_epoch": [100, 500], "optimizer": ["adam", "rmsprop"]} grid_search = GridSearchCV(estimator = classifier, param_grid = parameters, scoring = "accuracy", cv = 10) grid_search = grid_search.fit(X_train, y_train) best_parameters = grid_search.best_params_ best_accuracy = grid_search.best_score_
[另外,对于n_jobs = 1,它运行,但表示时代1/1并运行10次,这是k倍值。这意味着由于某种原因它可以识别nb_epoch = 1而不是100。最后,我尝试将cross_val_score()封装到一个类中:
class run(): def __init__(self): cross_val_score(estimator = classifier, X = X_train, y = y_train, cv = 10, n_jobs = -1) if __name__ == '__main__': run()
或仅具有if条件:
if __name__ == '__main__': cross_val_score(estimator = classifier, X = X_train, y = y_train, cv = 10, n_jobs = -1)
但是它也不起作用,它再次冻结。
有人可以帮我解决这些问题吗?发生了什么,我该怎么办才能解决这些问题,以便一切正常运行?预先谢谢你。
在Windows 10上,我已经安装了Anaconda并启动了Spyder。我还成功安装了Theano,Tensorflow和Keras,因为当我执行import keras时,控制台输出使用...
似乎Windows的“ n_jobs”存在问题,请在您的“ accuracies =”代码中将其删除,它将起作用,缺点是可能需要一段时间,但至少会起作用。
我也有同样的问题,但是删除n_jobs没有帮助。