我一直在尝试将RSpec与Rails 4结合使用，但是遇到了无法消除的错误。
但是，当我在单个* .rb文件上运行测试时，它可以正常工作而没有任何错误。我使用了Guard并试图在单一模式下运行rspec，但收到了相同的错误。
13:46:26 - INFO - Running: spec
/Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/application.rb:214:in `initialize!': Application has been already initialized. (RuntimeError)
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/railties-4.0.0/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing'
from /Users/xxx/Documents/Mitt_bolag/Minnesota/beställningssite/order_site/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `block in require'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
from /Users/xxx/Documents/Mitt_bolag/Minnesota/beställningssite/order_site/spec/spec_helper.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `block in require'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'
from /Users/xxx/Documents/Mitt_bolag/Minnesota/beställningssite/order_site/spec/requests/products_spec.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:222:in `load'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:222:in `block in load'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/activesupport-4.0.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:222:in `load'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:896:in `block in load_spec_files'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:896:in `each'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:896:in `load_spec_files'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/command_line.rb:22:in `run'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:80:in `run'
from /Users/xxx/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/rspec-core-2.14.5/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:17:in `block in autorun'
这是我的spec_helper.rb
# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'rspec/autorun'
require 'capybara/rspec'
# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc,
# in spec/support/ and its subdirectories.
Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each { |f| require f }
# Checks for pending migrations before tests are run.
# If you are not using ActiveRecord, you can remove this line.
ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending! if defined?(ActiveRecord::Migration)
RSpec.configure do |config|
# ## Mock Framework
#
# If you prefer to use mocha, flexmock or RR, uncomment the appropriate line:
#
# config.mock_with :mocha
# config.mock_with :flexmock
# config.mock_with :rr
# Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures
# config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"
# If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
# examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false
# instead of true.
config.use_transactional_fixtures = true
# If true, the base class of anonymous controllers will be inferred
# automatically. This will be the default behavior in future versions of
# rspec-rails.
config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false
# Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
# order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
# the seed, which is printed after each run.
# --seed 1234
config.order = "random"
config.include Devise::TestHelpers, :type => :controller
end
class ActionController::TestCase
include Devise::TestHelpers
end
尝试将您的spec_helper设置为此：
# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'rspec/autorun'
require 'capybara/rspec' # NOTE: I DON'T have this but you do...
Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each {|f| require f}
RSpec.configure do |config|
config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"
config.use_transactional_fixtures = true
config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false
end
我不知道您是否已经有了解决方案，但是我还是要去这里：
自昨天以来，我面临着同样的问题。我发现运行按时间列出单个规范，或者从除一个规范之外的所有规范中删除“ require“ spec_helper”，它会工作。几分钟前，我发现问题出在红宝石版本。
如果将ruby-2.0.0-p0升级到ruby-2.0.0-p247，那么问题就消失了！
希望我能对您有所帮助。
我在将Rails 4.2和Ruby 2.2应用程序升级到Rails 4.2和Rails 2.6时遇到了这个问题。显然，ActionController::TestResponse被重用，因此被多次初始化。您可以添加解决方法reading this thread，也可以简单地创建spec/support/action_controller_workaround.rb：
if RUBY_VERSION>='2.6.0'
if Rails.version < '5'
class ActionController::TestResponse < ActionDispatch::TestResponse
def recycle!
# hack to avoid MonitorMixin double-initialize error:
@mon_mutex_owner_object_id = nil
@mon_mutex = nil
initialize
end
end
else
puts "Monkeypatch for ActionController::TestResponse no longer needed"
end
end