Rust,如何从 Rc<RefCell<T>> 中复制出内部值并返回?

问题描述 投票:0回答:1

简介:我是 Rust 新手,所以我决定通过实现双链表来练习。出于调试目的,我实现了

get()
方法,但未能从
Rc<RefCell<_>>
中复制值。 (抱歉问了个愚蠢的问题)

问题:我试图在

Result<T, &'static str>
中返回一个
.get()
,其中
T
是节点中存储的数据类型,
&str
是错误消息字符串。借用检查器告诉我,我无法返回对方法内变量的引用,因此我尝试将内部值复制出来并返回它,但失败了。

源代码

use std::{rc::Rc, cell::RefCell};

struct Node<T> {
    data: Option<T>,
    prev: Option<Rc<RefCell<Node<T>>>>,
    next: Option<Rc<RefCell<Node<T>>>>,
}

impl<T> Node<T> {
    /// Instantiate a new dummy node.
    /// This node is used to mark the start and end of the list.
    /// It is not counted in the size of the list.
    fn new() -> Self {
        Node {
            data: None,
            prev: None,
            next: None,
        }
    }
    /// Instantiate a new content node.
    /// This node is used to store data.
    /// It is counted in the size of the list.
    fn from(data: T) -> Self {
        Node {
            data: Some(data),
            prev: None,
            next: None,
        }
    }
}

struct List<T> {
    head: Rc<RefCell<Node<T>>>,
    tail: Rc<RefCell<Node<T>>>,
    size: usize,
}

impl<T> List<T> {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        let head = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node::new()));
        let tail = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node::new()));
        head.borrow_mut().next = Some(Rc::clone(&tail));
        tail.borrow_mut().prev = Some(Rc::clone(&head));
        List { head, tail, size: 0 }
    }
    pub fn prepend(&self, data: T) {
        let node = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node::from(data)));
        let mut head = self.head.borrow_mut();
        
        node.borrow_mut().next = Some(head.next.take().unwrap());
        node.borrow_mut().prev = Some(Rc::clone(&self.head));
        head.next = Some(Rc::clone(&node));
        if let Some(next) = node.borrow().next.as_ref() {
            next.borrow_mut().prev = Some(Rc::clone(&node));
        };
    }
    pub fn append(&self, data: T) {
        let node = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node::from(data)));
        let mut tail = self.tail.borrow_mut();
        
        node.borrow_mut().prev = Some(Rc::clone(&tail.prev.take().unwrap()));
        node.borrow_mut().next = Some(Rc::clone(&self.tail));
        tail.prev = Some(Rc::clone(&node));
        if let Some(prev) = node.borrow().prev.as_ref() {
            prev.borrow_mut().next = Some(Rc::clone(&node));
        };
    }
    pub fn get(&self, index: isize) -> Result<T, &'static str> {
        let mut current: Rc<RefCell<Node<T>>> = Rc::clone(self.head.borrow().next.as_ref().unwrap());
        for _ in 0..index {
            let tmp = Rc::clone(current.borrow().next.as_ref().ok_or("Index out of range")?);
            current = tmp;
        }
        let result = current.borrow().data.as_ref().ok_or("Index out of range")?;  // error[E0716]
        Ok(*result)  // error[E0507]
    }
}
/*
error[E0716]: temporary value dropped while borrowed
  --> src\linked.rs:74:22
   |
74 |         let result = current.borrow().data.as_ref().ok_or("Index out of range")?;
   |                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^                                           - temporary value is freed at the end of this statement
   |                      |
   |                      creates a temporary value which is freed while still in use
75 |         Ok(*result)
   |            ------- borrow later used here
   |
help: consider using a `let` binding to create a longer lived value
   |
74 ~         let binding = current.borrow();
75 ~         let result = binding.data.as_ref().ok_or("Index out of range")?;
   |

error[E0507]: cannot move out of `*result` which is behind a shared reference
  --> src\linked.rs:75:12
   |
75 |         Ok(*result)
   |            ^^^^^^^ move occurs because `*result` has type `T`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
*/

我已经尝试过

另外:我可能做错了,如果其中一篇文章解决了我的问题,但我没有以正确的方式实现它,请原谅我,并请教我如何正确地做到这一点。非常感谢。

rust borrow-checker refcell
1个回答
0
投票

你不知道。

如果值为

Copy
,则可以复制。如果是
Clone
,就可以克隆它。但如果不是,或者克隆成本太高?

你运气不好。

内部可变性(如

RefCell
)对于 API 来说是不利的。它往往会跨越 API 边界传播,有时甚至完全阻止您实现它们。 (有时)在实现内部很好,但不是因为它泄漏。

当然,有一种正确的方法来实现双向链表(因为 std 有一个),但是这种正确的方法需要不安全的代码。当您已经掌握 Rust 后,您可能想返回它作为练习。请务必阅读使用太多的链表学习 Rust

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