(env) PS D:\programing\source\Backend\Django> python -m pip install Pillow
Collecting Pillow
Using cached pillow-10.3.0.tar.gz (46.6 MB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Installing backend dependencies ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: Pillow
Building wheel for Pillow (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Building wheel for Pillow (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [216 lines of output]
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311
creating build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\BdfFontFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\BlpImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\BmpImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ContainerIO.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\CurImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\DcxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\DdsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\EpsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ExifTags.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\features.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\FitsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\FliImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\FontFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\FpxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\FtexImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\GbrImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\GdImageFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\GifImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\GimpGradientFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\GimpPaletteFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\IcoImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\Image.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageChops.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageCms.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageColor.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageDraw.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageDraw2.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageEnhance.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageFilter.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageFont.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageGrab.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageMath.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageMode.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageMorph.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageOps.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImagePalette.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImagePath.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageQt.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageSequence.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageShow.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageStat.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageTk.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageTransform.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageWin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImtImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\IptcImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\JpegImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\JpegPresets.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\MicImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\MpegImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\MpoImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\MspImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\PaletteFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\PalmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\PcdImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\PcfFontFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\PcxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\PdfImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\TgaImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\TiffImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\TiffTags.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\WalImageFile.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\WebPImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\WmfImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\XbmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\XpmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_binary.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_deprecate.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_tkinter_finder.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_typing.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_util.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_version.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\__init__.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\__main__.py -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
running egg_info
writing src\pillow.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to src\pillow.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing requirements to src\pillow.egg-info\requires.txt
writing top-level names to src\pillow.egg-info\top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'src\pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*.c'
warning: no files found matching '*.h'
warning: no files found matching '*.sh'
warning: no files found matching '*.txt'
warning: no files found matching '.flake8'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.appveyor.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.clang-format'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.editorconfig'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.readthedocs.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'codecov.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'renovate.json'
warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
no previously-included directories found matching '.ci'
no previously-included directories found matching 'wheels'
adding license file 'LICENSE'
writing manifest file 'src\pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
copying src\PIL\_imaging.pyi -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_imagingcms.pyi -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_imagingft.pyi -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_imagingmath.pyi -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_imagingmorph.pyi -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\_webp.pyi -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
copying src\PIL\py.typed -> build\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-311\PIL
running build_ext
The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
Please see the install instructions at:
https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1009, in <module>
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 104, in setup
return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 184, in setup
return run_commands(dist)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 200, in run_commands
dist.run_commands()
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 969, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 967, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 988, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\normal\lib\python3.11\site-packages\wheel\bdist_wheel.py", line 368, in run
self.run_command("build")
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 316, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 967, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 988, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build.py", line 132, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 316, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 967, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 988, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\command\build_ext.py", line 91, in run
_build_ext.run(self)
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 359, in run
self.build_extensions()
File "<string>", line 826, in build_extensions
RequiredDependencyException: zlib
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\programing\source\Backend\Django\env\lib\python3.11\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
main()
File "D:\programing\source\Backend\Django\env\lib\python3.11\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\programing\source\Backend\Django\env\lib\python3.11\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 251, in build_wheel
return _build_backend().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-0o1gts_1\pillow_63b6db6c73014bb0b5889af20ec1aade\_custom_build\backend.py", line 26, in build_wheel
return super().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 410, in build_wheel
return self._build_with_temp_dir(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 395, in _build_with_temp_dir
self.run_setup()
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-0o1gts_1\pillow_63b6db6c73014bb0b5889af20ec1aade\_custom_build\backend.py", line 20, in run_setup
return super().run_setup(setup_script)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\mahdimoradiz\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vhix2unp\overlay\lib\python3.11\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
exec(code, locals())
File "<string>", line 1025, in <module>
RequiredDependencyException:
The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
Please see the install instructions at:
https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for Pillow
Failed to build Pillow
ERROR: Could not build wheels for Pillow, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
我卸载并安装了Python，也卸载并安装了虚拟环境，但我不知道问题出在哪里
您的错误消息显示：
无法找到 zlib 的头文件或库文件，这是从源代码编译 Pillow 时所需的依赖项。
提出了类似的问题，建议之一是安装 zlib，这就是您的错误消息所说的。
另一位用户说设置此环境变量有效：
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/zlib/lib/pkgconfig"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/zlib/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/zlib/include"