Ubuntu 升级后彻底卸载 Python 软件包

Question

我最近使用命令行将一台计算机从 Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS 升级到 18.04 LTS。因此，内置Python安装从Python 3.5升级到3.6。而且之前使用

pip3

安装的所有 Python 包似乎都无法再访问。我计划清理所有这些包并使用

conda

进行 Python 包管理。我的问题是，在这种情况下彻底卸载那些无法访问的软件包的最佳实践是什么？

通过

pip3

安装的旧软件包主要位于

/usr/local/lib/python3.5/

和

~/.local/lib/python3.5/

下。但可能还有其他剩余文件，例如在

/usr/local/bin/

下。我想删除

pip3 install

附带的所有相关文件。

Answer 1

我最终编写了一个 bash 脚本来迭代地调用每个先前安装的包上的

pip3 uninstall

。

#!/bin/bash

pypath_cmd="PYTHONPATH=$HOME/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages"
export $pypath_cmd
echo "Uninstalling editable packages in $PYTHONPATH"
rm -f $PYTHONPATH/*.egg-link
rm -f $PYTHONPATH/easy-install.pth

pip3 freeze --all --local | cut --delimiter="=" -f 1 | while read pkg ; do
    echo $pkg: $(pip3 show $pkg | grep "Location:")
    pip3 uninstall -y $pkg
done

pypath_cmd="PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages"
export $pypath_cmd
echo "Uninstalling editable packages in $PYTHONPATH"
sudo rm -f $PYTHONPATH/*.egg-link
sudo rm -f $PYTHONPATH/easy-install.pth

pip3 freeze --all --local | cut --delimiter="=" -f 1 | while read pkg ; do
    echo $pkg: $(pip3 show $pkg | grep "Location:")
    sudo $pypath_cmd pip3 uninstall -y --no-cache-dir $pkg
done

Answer 2

sudo pip install

将 pip 软件包安装到

/usr/local/lib/<python_version>/dist-packages

，将 apt 软件包安装到

/usr/lib/<python_version>/dist-packages

。检查这些目录并删除不需要的包。

Answer 3

我最近从 Debian 11 升级到 Debian 12，并忘记在升级前删除旧的 Python (3.9) 软件包。升级后，我被困在Python 3.11中，试图使用之前用Python 3.9安装的用户包，并且我还在旧Pip安装的

~/.local/bin

中安装了一堆可执行文件。

pip3

命令本身指向

~/.local/bin

。不理想！

我遇到了这个问答，我改进并改编了来自GZ0的脚本。希望它能帮助将来的某个人。在这里：

#!/bin/bash
#
# Marco Bonelli - 2024-04-28
#
# Purge user packages belonging to an old python version that is no longer
# installed after a dist-upgrade. Deleting the entire ~/.local/lib/pythonX.Y
# directory may seem enough, but it really is not as a lot of packages may also
# install executables in ~/.local/bin (and maybe even other additional stuff).
#
# Adapted from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/56960145/3889449
#

# Set this to 'NO' to actually uninstall packages
DRY_RUN='YES'

# Old python version to destroy
VICTIM_VERSION='3.9'

# We will look for site-packages and dist-packages here
VICTIM_LIB_PATH="$HOME/.local/lib/python$VICTIM_VERSION"

log() {
    echo -ne '\033[94m'
    echo -n "$@"
    echo -e '\033[0m'
}

uninstall_kind() {
    export PYTHONPATH="$VICTIM_LIB_PATH/$1"

    # We ideally whould use the pip of the corresponding python version we are
    # uninstalling packages for. Just being cautious here, it may work anyway.
    # You can remove this check if you really want.
    if ! [[ "$(which pip3)" != *"$VICTIM_LIB_PATH"* ]]; then
        echo "WARNING: pip3 does not point into $VICTIM_LIB_PATH" >&2
        echo "WARNING: not sure if this could break stuff... aborting!" >&2
        exit 1
    fi

    if [ "$DRY_RUN" = 'NO' ]; then
        # --break-system-packages is needed for distros like Debian 12 that set
        # their Python installation as "externally managed" to avoid conflicts
        # between python packages installed through apt and pip. We are not
        # deleting system packages anyway as this script is not run as root, so
        # it's safe to use it.
        local uninstall_cmd="pip3 uninstall -y --break-system-packages"
    else
        local uninstall_cmd="log [dry run] pip3 uninstall -y --break-system-packages"
    fi

    log "Uninstalling packages in $PYTHONPATH"

    # List all packages
    pip3 freeze --all --local | cut --delimiter="=" -f 1 | while read pkg ; do
        # Don't shoot ourselves in the foot by uninstalling pip while using it
        if [ "$pkg" = "pip" ]; then
            log 'Skipping pip (delete it only at the end)'
            continue
        fi

        # Ask pip to resolve the package
        local loc="$(pip3 show $pkg | awk '/Location:/ { print $2 }')"

        # If the identified location is within $VICTIM_LIB_PATH then uninstall,
        # otherwise skip. This is because we can still very well have listed
        # packages under /usr/local/lib and we don't want to remove those (it
        # would also fail since we don't have privileges).
        if [[ "$loc" == *"$VICTIM_LIB_PATH"* ]]; then
            log "Uninstalling $pkg ($loc)"
            $uninstall_cmd $pkg
        else
            log "Skipping $pkg (resolves to $loc)"
        fi
    done
}

# Abort if run as root, we only want to deal with user packages
if [ "$EUID" -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "This script should not be run as root!" >&2
    exit 1
fi

for kind in site-packages dist-packages; do
    uninstall_kind $kind
done

# Do the last steps manually
echo '----------------------------------------------------------------------'
echo 'Done! You can now safely delete the following:'
echo '- The pip3 command if it points to ~/.local/bin/pip3 (see: which pip3)'
echo "- The directory ~/.local/lib/python$VICTIM_VERSION"