如何加入第一行

Question

我将使用一个具体的但假设的示例。

每个订单通常只有一个订单项：

[订单：

OrderGUID   OrderNumber
=========   ============
{FFB2...}   STL-7442-1      
{3EC6...}   MPT-9931-8A

LineItems：

LineItemGUID   Order ID Quantity   Description
============   ======== ========   =================================
{098FBE3...}   1        7          prefabulated amulite
{1609B09...}   2        32         spurving bearing

但是偶尔会有一个包含两个订单项的订单：

LineItemID   Order ID    Quantity   Description
==========   ========    ========   =================================
{A58A1...}   6,784,329   5          pentametric fan
{0E9BC...}   6,784,329   5          differential girdlespring 

通常向用户显示订单时：

SELECT Orders.OrderNumber, LineItems.Quantity, LineItems.Description
FROM Orders
    INNER JOIN LineItems 
    ON Orders.OrderID = LineItems.OrderID

我想在订单上显示单个项目。但是，如果这个偶然的订单包含两个（或多个）项目，则这些订单<

OrderNumber   Quantity   Description
===========   ========   ====================
STL-7442-1    7          prefabulated amulite
MPT-9931-8A   32         spurving bearing
KSG-0619-81   5          panametric fan
KSG-0619-81   5          differential girdlespring

我真正想要的是拥有SQL Server

只需选择一个]，因为它会
足够好

：

OrderNumber   Quantity   Description
===========   ========   ====================
STL-7442-1    7          prefabulated amulite
MPT-9931-8A   32         differential girdlespring
KSG-0619-81   5          panametric fan

如果我喜欢冒险，我可以向用户显示一个省略号，以表明有多个：

OrderNumber   Quantity   Description
===========   ========   ====================
STL-7442-1    7          prefabulated amulite
MPT-9931-8A   32         differential girdlespring
KSG-0619-81   5          panametric fan, ...

所以问题是怎么做

消除“重复”行

仅连接到其中一行，以避免重复
• 第一次尝试
• 我的第一次尝试是只加入“

  TOP 1

”行项目：

SELECT Orders.OrderNumber, LineItems.Quantity, LineItems.Description
FROM Orders
    INNER JOIN (
       SELECT TOP 1 LineItems.Quantity, LineItems.Description
       FROM LineItems
       WHERE LineItems.OrderID = Orders.OrderID) LineItems2
    ON 1=1

但是那给出了错误：

列或前缀“订单”不与表名或别名匹配在查询中使用。 

大概是因为内部选择看不到外部表。

我将使用一个具体的但假设的示例。每个订单通常只有一个订单项：订单：OrderGUID OrderNumber ==================== {FFB2 ...} STL-7442-1 {3EC6 ... } MPT -...

SELECT   Orders.OrderNumber, LineItems.Quantity, LineItems.Description
FROM     Orders
JOIN     LineItems
ON       LineItems.LineItemGUID =
         (
         SELECT  TOP 1 LineItemGUID 
         FROM    LineItems
         WHERE   OrderID = Orders.OrderID
         )

在SQL Server 2005及更高版本中，您可以将INNER JOIN替换为CROSS APPLY：

SELECT  Orders.OrderNumber, LineItems2.Quantity, LineItems2.Description
FROM    Orders
CROSS APPLY
        (
        SELECT  TOP 1 LineItems.Quantity, LineItems.Description
        FROM    LineItems
        WHERE   LineItems.OrderID = Orders.OrderID
        ) LineItems2
[请注意，没有TOP 1的ORDER BY不是确定性的：此查询将为您为每个订单提供一个订单项，但未定义是哪个订单项。

多次查询可以为同一订单提供不同的订单项，即使基础没有变化。

如果要确定顺序，则应在最里面的查询中添加ORDER BY子句。

我知道这个问题是在不久前回答的，但是在处理大型数据集时，嵌套查询的成本可能很高。这是另一种解决方案，其中嵌套查询将只运行一次，而不是针对返回的每一行。

SELECT 
  Orders.OrderNumber,
  LineItems.Quantity, 
  LineItems.Description
FROM 
  Orders
  INNER JOIN (
    SELECT
      Orders.OrderNumber,
      Max(LineItem.LineItemID) AS LineItemID
    FROM
      Orders INNER JOIN LineItems
      ON Orders.OrderNumber = LineItems.OrderNumber
    GROUP BY Orders.OrderNumber
  ) AS Items ON Orders.OrderNumber = Items.OrderNumber
  INNER JOIN LineItems 
  ON Items.LineItemID = LineItems.LineItemID

您可以做：
SELECT 
  Orders.OrderNumber, 
  LineItems.Quantity, 
  LineItems.Description
FROM 
  Orders INNER JOIN LineItems 
  ON Orders.OrderID = LineItems.OrderID
WHERE
  LineItems.LineItemID = (
    SELECT MIN(LineItemID) 
    FROM   LineItems
    WHERE  OrderID = Orders.OrderID
  )
这需要LineItems.LineItemID上的索引（或主键）和LineItems.OrderID上的索引，否则会很慢。
 
@ Quassnoi的答案是好的，在某些情况下（尤其是外部表很大），使用窗口函数可能更有效，例如：
SELECT  Orders.OrderNumber, LineItems2.Quantity, LineItems2.Description
FROM    Orders
LEFT JOIN 
        (
        SELECT  LineItems.Quantity, LineItems.Description, OrderId, ROW_NUMBER()
                OVER (PARTITION BY OrderId ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) AS RowNum
        FROM    LineItems

        ) LineItems2 ON LineItems2.OrderId = Orders.OrderID And RowNum = 1
有时您只需need to test哪个查询可以提供更好的性能。
 
，使用公用表表达式的另一个方法：
with firstOnly as (
    select Orders.OrderNumber, LineItems.Quantity, LineItems.Description, ROW_NUMBER() over (partiton by Orders.OrderID order by Orders.OrderID) lp
    FROM Orders
        join LineItems on Orders.OrderID = LineItems.OrderID
) select *
  from firstOnly
  where lp = 1
或者最后，您可能想显示所有连接的行？
此处用逗号分隔的版本：
  select *
  from Orders o
    cross apply (
        select CAST((select l.Description + ','
        from LineItems l
        where l.OrderID = s.OrderID
        for xml path('')) as nvarchar(max)) l
    ) lines
 
从SQL Server 2012起，我认为这可以解决问题：
SELECT DISTINCT
    o.OrderNumber ,
    FIRST_VALUE(li.Quantity) OVER ( PARTITION BY o.OrderNumber ORDER BY li.Description ) AS Quantity ,
    FIRST_VALUE(li.Description) OVER ( PARTITION BY o.OrderNumber ORDER BY li.Description ) AS Description
FROM    Orders AS o
    INNER JOIN LineItems AS li ON o.OrderID = li.OrderID
 
相关子查询是依赖于外部查询的子查询。就像SQL中的for循环一样。子查询将为外部查询中的每一行运行一次：
select * from users join widgets on widgets.id = (
    select id from widgets
    where widgets.user_id = users.id
    order by created_at desc
    limit 1
)
 
编辑：没关系，夸斯诺伊有一个更好的答案。
对于SQL2K，类似这样：
SELECT 
  Orders.OrderNumber
, LineItems.Quantity
, LineItems.Description
FROM (  
  SELECT 
    Orders.OrderID
  , Orders.OrderNumber
  , FirstLineItemID = (
      SELECT TOP 1 LineItemID
      FROM LineItems
      WHERE LineItems.OrderID = Orders.OrderID
      ORDER BY LineItemID -- or whatever else
      )
  FROM Orders
  ) Orders
JOIN LineItems 
  ON LineItems.OrderID = Orders.OrderID 
 AND LineItems.LineItemID = Orders.FirstLineItemID
 
我最喜欢的运行此查询的方式是使用不存在子句。我相信这是运行这种查询的最有效方法：
select o.OrderNumber,
       li.Quantity,
       li.Description
from Orders as o
inner join LineItems as li
on li.OrderID = o.OrderID
where not exists (
    select 1
    from LineItems as li_later
    where li_later.OrderID = o.OrderID
    and li_later.LineItemGUID > li.LineItemGUID
    )
但是我还没有针对这里建议的其他方法测试此方法。
 
[尝试过十字架，效果很好，但需要更长的时间。调整了行列以具有最大数量并添加了组，从而保持了速度并删除了额外的记录。
这是调整后的查询：
SELECT Orders.OrderNumber, max(LineItems.Quantity), max(LineItems.Description)
FROM Orders
    INNER JOIN LineItems 
    ON Orders.OrderID = LineItems.OrderID
Group by Orders.OrderNumber
 
尝试一下
SELECT
   Orders.OrderNumber,
   LineItems.Quantity, 
   LineItems.Description
FROM Orders
   INNER JOIN (
      SELECT
         Orders.OrderNumber,
         Max(LineItem.LineItemID) AS LineItemID
       FROM Orders 
          INNER JOIN LineItems
          ON Orders.OrderNumber = LineItems.OrderNumber
       GROUP BY Orders.OrderNumber
   ) AS Items ON Orders.OrderNumber = Items.OrderNumber
   INNER JOIN LineItems 
   ON Items.LineItemID = LineItems.LineItemID

Answer 1

在SQL Server 2005及更高版本中，您可以将INNER JOIN替换为CROSS APPLY：

Answer 2

SELECT 
  Orders.OrderNumber,
  LineItems.Quantity, 
  LineItems.Description
FROM 
  Orders
  INNER JOIN (
    SELECT
      Orders.OrderNumber,
      Max(LineItem.LineItemID) AS LineItemID
    FROM
      Orders INNER JOIN LineItems
      ON Orders.OrderNumber = LineItems.OrderNumber
    GROUP BY Orders.OrderNumber
  ) AS Items ON Orders.OrderNumber = Items.OrderNumber
  INNER JOIN LineItems 
  ON Items.LineItemID = LineItems.LineItemID

Answer 3

SELECT 
  Orders.OrderNumber, 
  LineItems.Quantity, 
  LineItems.Description
FROM 
  Orders INNER JOIN LineItems 
  ON Orders.OrderID = LineItems.OrderID
WHERE
  LineItems.LineItemID = (
    SELECT MIN(LineItemID) 
    FROM   LineItems
    WHERE  OrderID = Orders.OrderID
  )

这需要LineItems.LineItemID上的索引（或主键）和LineItems.OrderID上的索引，否则会很慢。

Answer 4

SELECT  Orders.OrderNumber, LineItems2.Quantity, LineItems2.Description
FROM    Orders
LEFT JOIN 
        (
        SELECT  LineItems.Quantity, LineItems.Description, OrderId, ROW_NUMBER()
                OVER (PARTITION BY OrderId ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) AS RowNum
        FROM    LineItems

        ) LineItems2 ON LineItems2.OrderId = Orders.OrderID And RowNum = 1

有时您只需need to test哪个查询可以提供更好的性能。

Answer 5

with firstOnly as (
    select Orders.OrderNumber, LineItems.Quantity, LineItems.Description, ROW_NUMBER() over (partiton by Orders.OrderID order by Orders.OrderID) lp
    FROM Orders
        join LineItems on Orders.OrderID = LineItems.OrderID
) select *
  from firstOnly
  where lp = 1

或者最后，您可能想显示所有连接的行？

Answer 6

SELECT DISTINCT
    o.OrderNumber ,
    FIRST_VALUE(li.Quantity) OVER ( PARTITION BY o.OrderNumber ORDER BY li.Description ) AS Quantity ,
    FIRST_VALUE(li.Description) OVER ( PARTITION BY o.OrderNumber ORDER BY li.Description ) AS Description
FROM    Orders AS o
    INNER JOIN LineItems AS li ON o.OrderID = li.OrderID

Answer 7

select * from users join widgets on widgets.id = (
    select id from widgets
    where widgets.user_id = users.id
    order by created_at desc
    limit 1
)

Answer 8

对于SQL2K，类似这样：

SELECT 
  Orders.OrderNumber
, LineItems.Quantity
, LineItems.Description
FROM (  
  SELECT 
    Orders.OrderID
  , Orders.OrderNumber
  , FirstLineItemID = (
      SELECT TOP 1 LineItemID
      FROM LineItems
      WHERE LineItems.OrderID = Orders.OrderID
      ORDER BY LineItemID -- or whatever else
      )
  FROM Orders
  ) Orders
JOIN LineItems 
  ON LineItems.OrderID = Orders.OrderID 
 AND LineItems.LineItemID = Orders.FirstLineItemID

Answer 9

select o.OrderNumber,
       li.Quantity,
       li.Description
from Orders as o
inner join LineItems as li
on li.OrderID = o.OrderID
where not exists (
    select 1
    from LineItems as li_later
    where li_later.OrderID = o.OrderID
    and li_later.LineItemGUID > li.LineItemGUID
    )

但是我还没有针对这里建议的其他方法测试此方法。

Answer 10

这是调整后的查询：

SELECT Orders.OrderNumber, max(LineItems.Quantity), max(LineItems.Description)
FROM Orders
    INNER JOIN LineItems 
    ON Orders.OrderID = LineItems.OrderID
Group by Orders.OrderNumber

Answer 11

SELECT
   Orders.OrderNumber,
   LineItems.Quantity, 
   LineItems.Description
FROM Orders
   INNER JOIN (
      SELECT
         Orders.OrderNumber,
         Max(LineItem.LineItemID) AS LineItemID
       FROM Orders 
          INNER JOIN LineItems
          ON Orders.OrderNumber = LineItems.OrderNumber
       GROUP BY Orders.OrderNumber
   ) AS Items ON Orders.OrderNumber = Items.OrderNumber
   INNER JOIN LineItems 
   ON Items.LineItemID = LineItems.LineItemID