问题RaspberryPi 3b +和docker compose：安装构建依赖项：状态为'错误'

Question

我正在使用Raspbian Buster Lite（版本：2020年2月）制作rapsberrypi 3b +我安装了本教程https://medium.com/@techiebouncer/install-docker-and-docker-compose-on-raspberry-pi-4-raspbian-buster-c5b78b9a0d08中提到的所有依赖项。一切都是最新的，但是在运行此cmd时，通过创建我的容器，Dockerfile的第二步出现问题：

RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install build-essential -y \
&& pip install poetry

错误消息很长：

  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error'
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-e8my0zvf/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"''
       cwd: None
  Complete output (100 lines):
  Collecting setuptools>=40.6.0
    Downloading setuptools-46.1.3-py3-none-any.whl (582 kB)
  Collecting wheel
    Downloading wheel-0.34.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (26 kB)
  Collecting cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.8
    Downloading cffi-1.14.0.tar.gz (463 kB)
  Collecting pycparser
    Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
  Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): started
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-w3618jys/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-w3618jys/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-tib_06xh
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-w3618jys/cffi/
    Complete output (36 lines):
    running bdist_wheel
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7
    creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
    running build_ext
    building '_cffi_backend' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.7
    creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.7/c
    gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.7m -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.7/c/_cffi_backend.o
    c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
     #include <ffi.h>
              ^~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi
    Running setup.py clean for cffi
  Failed to build cffi
  Installing collected packages: setuptools, wheel, pycparser, cffi
      Running setup.py install for cffi: started
      Running setup.py install for cffi: finished with status 'error'
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-w3618jys/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-w3618jys/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-8j22vllc/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-e8my0zvf/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-e8my0zvf/overlay/include/python3.7m/cffi
           cwd: /tmp/pip-install-w3618jys/cffi/
      Complete output (36 lines):
      running install
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7
      creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-3.7/cffi
      running build_ext
      building '_cffi_backend' extension
      creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.7
      creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.7/c
      gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.7m -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-3.7/c/_cffi_backend.o
      c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
       #include <ffi.h>
                ^~~~~~~
      compilation terminated.
      error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
      ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-w3618jys/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-w3618jys/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-8j22vllc/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-e8my0zvf/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-e8my0zvf/overlay/include/python3.7m/cffi Check the logs for full command output.
  ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-e8my0zvf/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"'' Check the logs for full command output.

似乎libffi-dev模块有问题，但它是最新的。还是使用gcc，但我不知道要安装什么？

Answer 1

[在构建docker映像时，应将每个构建依赖项安装到映像中，而不要安装在主机上。如果仅在构建时需要该软件包，而在运行映像时不需要，则可以将其卸载以减小映像大小：

RUN apt update \
  && apt install build-essential libffi-dev -y \
  && pip install poetry \
  && apt remove build-essential libffi-dev -y

由于错误消息，您如何知道必须将其安装在映像中而不是主机中？

错误消息

c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
       #include <ffi.h>
                ^~~~~~~
      compilation terminated.
      error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

表示当执行ffi.h时，图像中RUN pip install poetry不可用-在Debian及其衍生物上提供它的软件包是libffi-dev。