无法使用 FastAPI 和 Python 中的请求发送 WhatsApp 消息

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

我正在开发一个项目，使用 FastAPI 来处理传入的 WhatsApp 消息并对其进行响应。我已经设置了 webhook，并且可以成功接收消息。但是，我在尝试使用 WhatsApp Business API 将响应发送回用户时遇到了问题。

这是我的代码的相关部分：

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, HTTPException, Query
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from pydantic import BaseModel
import requests




app = FastAPI()


VERIFY_TOKEN = "tourism"  

class WhatsAppEvent(BaseModel):
    message: dict


WHATSAPP_API_ENDPOINT = "https://graph.facebook.com/v18.0/***(Entered my phone number ID)/messages"
WHATSAPP_API_TOKEN = "***(Entered my API access token)"

@app.post("/")
async def handle_post_request(request: Request):
    # Process the incoming POST request here
    data = await request.json()
    print("Received POST request data:", data)


    # Send a response
    return {"status": "success", "message": "POST request received"}

@app.get("/")
def verify(request: Request):
    mode = request.query_params.get('hub.mode')
    challenge = request.query_params.get('hub.challenge')
    token = request.query_params.get('hub.verify_token')

    if mode and token:
        if mode == 'subscribe' and token == VERIFY_TOKEN:
            print("WEBHOOK_VERIFIED")
            return JSONResponse(content=int(challenge), status_code=200)
        else:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Verification failed")
    return {"code": 200, 'message': 'test'}

@app.post("/incoming-message")
def receive_message(event: WhatsAppEvent):
    try:
        user_message = event.message['text']
        sender_id = event.message['sender']['id']

        bot_response = f'You said: {user_message}' #sending an echo message
        

        # Prepare response for WhatsApp
        response_data = {
            'recipient': {'id': sender_id},
            'message': {'text': bot_response}
        }

        send_whatsapp_message(sender_id, bot_response)

        return JSONResponse(content=response_data, status_code=200)
    except Exception as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Error processing message: {str(e)}")
    
def send_whatsapp_message(recipient_id, message_body):
    headers = {
        'Authorization': f'Bearer {WHATSAPP_API_TOKEN}',
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    }

    data = {
        'phone': recipient_id,
        'message': {
            'text': message_body
        }
    }

    try:
        response = requests.post(WHATSAPP_API_ENDPOINT, headers=headers, json=data)
        response.raise_for_status()  # Raises HTTPError for bad responses

        print("WhatsApp API response:", response.text)  # Add this line for debugging

        return response.json()  # If you want to return the API response data
    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as errh:
        print("HTTP Error:", errh)
        raise HTTPException(status_code=response.status_code, detail=f"HTTP Error: {errh}")
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as err:
        print("Request Error:", err)
        raise HTTPException(status_code=response.status_code, detail=f"Request Error: {err}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import uvicorn
    uvicorn.run(app, reload=False, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

我已经验证了 webhook 正在工作（控制台中打印了 WEBHOOK_VERIFIED），并且我可以在日志中看到传入的消息。但是，send_whatsapp_message 函数似乎没有成功发送消息。

WhatsApp API 的响应如下：

WEBHOOK_VERIFIED
INFO:     2a03:2880:23ff:5::face:b00c:0 - "GET /?hub.mode=subscribe&hub.challenge=1310749767&hub.verify_token=tourism HTTP/1.1" 200 OK
Received POST request data: {'object': 'whatsapp_business_account', 'entry': [{'id': '**(My ID)', 'changes': [{'value': {'messaging_product': 'whatsapp', 'metadata': {'display_phone_number': '**(My number)', 'phone_number_id': '**(My Phone number ID)'}, 'contacts': [{'profile': {'name': 'Rishikesh Dasari'}, 'wa_id': '**(recipient Number)'}], 'messages': [{'from': '**(recipient Number)', 'id': 'wamid.HBgMOTE5MzkwMzYwMjYyFQIAEhgWM0VCMEMyRUU3MzQ4Q0VCNjFGQUIzRgA=', 'timestamp': '1705643757', 'text': {'body': 'hello'}, 'type': 'text'}]}, 'field': 'messages'}]}]}
INFO:     2a03:2880:20ff:b::face:b00c:0 - "POST / HTTP/1.1" 200 OK

我已经仔细检查了 WhatsApp API 端点、令牌和请求的结构，但我仍然无法发送消息。我怀疑我的 send_whatsapp_message 函数可能有问题。

有人可以查看代码并提供有关可能导致问题的原因的见解吗？此外，如果有更好的方法来处理在 FastAPI 中发送 WhatsApp 消息，我愿意接受建议。

python python-requests fastapi webhooks whatsapp-cloud-api
1个回答
0
投票

您的代码看起来总体没问题，问题可能与您如何构建 WhatsApp API 的有效负载有关。让我们回顾一下并进行一些调整：

  1. 检查有效的 WhatsApp API 端点： 确保 

    WHATSAPP_API_ENDPOINT
    正确且与用于发送消息的 WhatsApp Business API 端点匹配。

  2. 更新

    send_whatsapp_message
    功能： 在您的 
    send_whatsapp_message
    函数中，您似乎正在使用 
    phone
    作为收件人电话号码的键。但是，根据 WhatsApp Business API 文档，它应该是 
    recipient_type
    和 
    recipient_id
    。

    这是 

    send_whatsapp_message
    函数的更新版本：

    def send_whatsapp_message(recipient_id, message_body):
    headers = {
        'Authorization': f'Bearer {WHATSAPP_API_TOKEN}',
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    }

    data = {
        'recipient_type': 'individual',
        'recipient_id': recipient_id,
        'message': {
            'content': {
                'text': message_body
            }
        }
    }

    try:
        response = requests.post(WHATSAPP_API_ENDPOINT, headers=headers, json=data)
        response.raise_for_status()  # Raises HTTPError for bad responses

        print("WhatsApp API response:", response.text)  # Add this line for debugging

        return response.json()  # If you want to return the API response data
    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as errh:
        print("HTTP Error:", errh)
        raise HTTPException(status_code=response.status_code, detail=f"HTTP Error: {errh}")
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as err:
        print("Request Error:", err)
        raise HTTPException(status_code=response.status_code, detail=f"Request Error: {err}")

    此修改使有效负载结构与 WhatsApp Business API 要求保持一致。

  3. 验证 WhatsApp API 令牌和端点： 仔细检查您的 WhatsApp API 令牌 (

    WHATSAPP_API_TOKEN
    ) 和端点 (
    WHATSAPP_API_ENDPOINT
    ) 是否正确。

  4. 检查 WhatsApp API 响应： 打印 WhatsApp API 的响应文本，以更深入地了解任何错误消息或问题：

    print("WhatsApp API response:", response.text)

通过这些调整，您的 

send_whatsapp_message
功能应该能够更好地符合 WhatsApp Business API 要求。进行这些更改后，观察打印的响应是否有任何错误消息并相应地调整代码。

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