如何使用 JS fetch API 上传文件?

问题描述 投票:0回答:11

我仍在努力解决这个问题。

我可以让用户通过文件输入选择文件(甚至多个):

<form>
  <div>
    <label>Select file to upload</label>
    <input type="file">
  </div>
  <button type="submit">Convert</button>
</form>

我可以使用

submit
捕获
<fill in your event handler here>
事件。但是一旦我这样做了,如何使用
fetch
发送文件?

fetch('/files', {
  method: 'post',
  // what goes here? What is the "body" for this? content-type header?
}).then(/* whatever */);
javascript fetch-api
11个回答
377
投票

我是这样做的:

var input = document.querySelector('input[type="file"]')

var data = new FormData()
data.append('file', input.files[0])
data.append('user', 'hubot')

fetch('/avatars', {
  method: 'POST',
  body: data
})

218
投票

这是一个带注释的基本示例。

upload
功能正是您所寻找的:

// Select your input type file and store it in a variable
const input = document.getElementById('fileinput');

// This will upload the file after having read it
const upload = (file) => {
  fetch('http://www.example.net', { // Your POST endpoint
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
      // Content-Type may need to be completely **omitted**
      // or you may need something
      "Content-Type": "You will perhaps need to define a content-type here"
    },
    body: file // This is your file object
  }).then(
    response => response.json() // if the response is a JSON object
  ).then(
    success => console.log(success) // Handle the success response object
  ).catch(
    error => console.log(error) // Handle the error response object
  );
};

// Event handler executed when a file is selected
const onSelectFile = () => upload(input.files[0]);

// Add a listener on your input
// It will be triggered when a file will be selected
input.addEventListener('change', onSelectFile, false);

178
投票

使用 Fetch API 发送文件的重要注意事项

需要省略 Fetch 请求的

content-type
标头。然后浏览器会自动添加
Content type
标题,包括表单边界,如下所示

Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=—-WebKitFormBoundaryfgtsKTYLsT7PNUVD

表单边界是表单数据的分隔符


53
投票

如果你想要多个文件,你可以使用这个

var input = document.querySelector('input[type="file"]')

var data = new FormData()
for (const file of input.files) {
  data.append('files',file,file.name)
}

fetch('/avatars', {
  method: 'POST',
  body: data
})

34
投票

要提交单个文件,您可以直接使用 File

input 数组中的
.files
 对象直接作为 
body:
初始化程序中
fetch()
的值:

const myInput = document.getElementById('my-input');

// Later, perhaps in a form 'submit' handler or the input's 'change' handler:
fetch('https://example.com/some_endpoint', {
  method: 'POST',
  body: myInput.files[0],
});

这是有效的,因为

File
继承自
Blob
,并且
Blob
是 Fetch 标准中定义的允许的
BodyInit
类型之一。


21
投票

这里接受的答案有点过时了。截至 2020 年 4 月,MDN 网站上看到的推荐方法建议使用

FormData
,并且不要求设置内容类型。 https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch

为了方便起见,我引用了代码片段:

const formData = new FormData();
const fileField = document.querySelector('input[type="file"]');

formData.append('username', 'abc123');
formData.append('avatar', fileField.files[0]);

fetch('https://example.com/profile/avatar', {
  method: 'PUT',
  body: formData
})
.then((response) => response.json())
.then((result) => {
  console.log('Success:', result);
})
.catch((error) => {
  console.error('Error:', error);
});

10
投票

如果能添加 php 端点示例就更好了。 这就是 js:

const uploadinput = document.querySelector('#uploadinputid');
const uploadBtn = document.querySelector('#uploadBtnid');
uploadBtn.addEventListener('click',uploadFile);

async function uploadFile(){
    const formData = new FormData();
    formData.append('nameusedinFormData',uploadinput.files[0]);    
    try{
        const response = await fetch('server.php',{
            method:'POST',
            body:formData
        } );
        const result = await response.json();
        console.log(result);
    }catch(e){
        console.log(e);

    }
}

那就是 php:

$file = $_FILES['nameusedinFormData'];
$temp = $file['tmp_name'];
$target_file = './targetfilename.jpg';
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["image"]["tmp_name"], $target_file);

5
投票

从 Alex Montoya 的多文件输入元素方法中跳出来

const inputFiles = document.querySelectorAll('input[type="file"]');
const formData = new FormData();

for (const file of inputFiles) {
    formData.append(file.name, file.files[0]);
}

fetch(url, {
    method: 'POST',
    body: formData })

3
投票

我的问题是我使用response.blob()来填充表单数据。显然你至少不能用 React Native 做到这一点,所以我最终使用了

data.append('fileData', {
  uri : pickerResponse.uri,
  type: pickerResponse.type,
  name: pickerResponse.fileName
 });

Fetch 似乎可以识别该格式并将文件发送到 uri 指向的位置。


1
投票

这是我的代码:

html:

const upload = (file) => {
    console.log(file);

    

    fetch('http://localhost:8080/files/uploadFile', { 
    method: 'POST',
    // headers: {
    //   //"Content-Disposition": "attachment; name='file'; filename='xml2.txt'",
    //   "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=BbC04y " //"multipart/mixed;boundary=gc0p4Jq0M2Yt08jU534c0p" //  ή // multipart/form-data 
    // },
    body: file // This is your file object
  }).then(
    response => response.json() // if the response is a JSON object
  ).then(
    success => console.log(success) // Handle the success response object
  ).catch(
    error => console.log(error) // Handle the error response object
  );

  //cvForm.submit();
};

const onSelectFile = () => upload(uploadCvInput.files[0]);

uploadCvInput.addEventListener('change', onSelectFile, false);
<form id="cv_form" style="display: none;"
										enctype="multipart/form-data">
										<input id="uploadCV" type="file" name="file"/>
										<button type="submit" id="upload_btn">upload</button>
</form>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#" id="upload">UPLOAD CV</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#" id="download">DOWNLOAD CV</a></li>
</ul>


1
投票

如何使用 HTML5 选择上传单个文件
fetch

<label role="button">
  Upload a picture
  <input accept="image/*" type="file" hidden />
</label>
const input = document.querySelector(`input[type="file"]`);

function upload() {
  fetch(uploadURL, { method: "PUT", body: input.files[0] });
}

input.addEventListener("change", upload); 
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