如何在 ansible 剧本中运行带有更多引号、括号和重定向的命令

Question

我有 bash 命令：

cat <<< $(jq --indent 4 '.autoload."psr-4" += { "Modules\\": "Modules/" }' me/composer.json) > me/composer.json

但是在 ansible 中我得到了更多的错误。

---

- name: modules autoload
  shell: |
    cat <<< $(jq --indent 4 '.autoload."psr-4" += { "Modules\\": "Modules/" }' me/composer.json) > me/composer.json

fatal: [127.0.0.1]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "cat <<< $(jq --indent 4 '.autoload.\"psr-4\" += { \"Modules\\\\\": \"Modules/\" }' me/composer.json) > me/composer.json", "delta": "0:00:00.001537", "end": "2023-03-13 01:06:28.268890", "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 2, "start": "2023-03-13 01:06:28.267353", "stderr": "/bin/sh: 1: Syntax error: redirection unexpected", "stderr_lines": ["/bin/sh: 1: Syntax error: redirection unexpected"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}

或

---

- name: modules autoload
  command: |
    cat <<< $(jq --indent 4 '.autoload."psr-4" += { "Modules\\": "Modules/" }' me/composer.json) > me/composer.json

fatal: [127.0.0.1]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": ["cat", "<<<", "$(jq", "--indent", "4", ".autoload.\"psr-4\" += { \"Modules\\\\\": \"Modules/\" }", "me/composer.json)", ">", "me/composer.json"], "delta": "0:00:00.001982", "end": "2023-03-13 01:08:33.239162", "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 1, "start": "2023-03-13 01:08:33.237180", "stderr": "cat: unrecognized option '--indent'\nTry 'cat --help' for more information.", "stderr_lines": ["cat: unrecognized option '--indent'", "Try 'cat --help' for more information."], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}

Answer 1

给定文件进行测试

shell> cat me/composer.json 
{"autoload": {"psr-4": {"X": "Y"}}}

命令

shell> cat <<< $(jq --indent 4 '.autoload."psr-4" += {"Modules": "Modules"}' me/composer.json) > me/composer.json.new

按预期工作

shell> cat me/composer.json.new 
{
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "X": "Y",
            "Modules": "Modules"
        }
    }
}

在 Ansible 模块中运行此命令shell：

• 将运行字符串放入变量中的block。这样你就摆脱了两层转义。

• 默认情况下，模块 shell 通过 /bin/sh 运行命令。将可执行文件更改为 bash，或您测试过命令的另一个 shell

• 默认情况下，该命令在有效用户的主目录中执行。将其更改为存储文件的绝对路径。在下面的示例中，在本地主机上运行，目录 me 位于 playbook 目录中。查看特殊变量playbook_dir

    - shell:
        cmd: '{{ cmd }}'
        chdir: "{{ playbook_dir }}"
        executable: /usr/bin/bash
      vars:
        cmd: >-
          cat <<< $(jq --indent 4 '.autoload."psr-4" += {"Modules": "Modules"}' me/composer.json) > me/composer.json.new
      register: out
    - debug:
        var: out

给予

TASK [debug] **********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => 
  out:
    changed: true
    cmd: 'cat <<< $(jq --indent 4 ''.autoload."psr-4" += {"Modules": "Modules"}'' me/composer.json) > me/composer.json.new'
    delta: '0:00:00.051676'
    end: '2023-03-13 01:44:07.508255'
    failed: false
    msg: ''
    rc: 0
    start: '2023-03-13 01:44:07.456579'
    stderr: ''
    stderr_lines: []
    stdout: ''
    stdout_lines: []

---

新文件已创建

shell> cat me/composer.json.new 
{
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "X": "Y",
            "Modules": "Modules"
        }
    }
}