我的项目是python CLI应用程序，我使用Travis作为CI。我使用脚本在本地测试]
script:
- pytest pacco/cli/tests.py --cov=pacco --cov-config=.coveragerc
- pytest --doctest-modules --cov=pacco --cov-append --cov-config=.coveragerc --cov-report xml
- coverage report -m
并且它给我的结果是
Name Stmts Miss Cover Missing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pacco/__init__.py 1 0 100%
pacco/cli/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/cli/commands/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/cli/commands/binary.py 85 3 96% 16, 30, 53
pacco/cli/commands/pacco.py 13 0 100%
pacco/cli/commands/registry.py 65 1 98% 27
pacco/cli/commands/remote.py 37 6 84% 29-34
pacco/cli/commands/utils/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/cli/commands/utils/command_abstract.py 57 27 53% 21-22, 27-39, 51-63, 67-74
pacco/cli/commands/utils/output_stream.py 17 2 88% 16, 24
pacco/cli/entry_point.py 4 0 100%
pacco/cli/test_utils.py 54 0 100%
pacco/cli/tests.py 115 1 99% 195
pacco/manager/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/manager/file_based/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/manager/file_based/package_binary.py 30 1 97% 40
pacco/manager/file_based/package_manager.py 28 2 93% 37, 58
pacco/manager/file_based/package_registry.py 130 9 93% 65, 71, 100, 108, 145, 159, 217, 224, 226
pacco/manager/file_based/remote.py 44 10 77% 17, 20, 48, 52-57, 60
pacco/manager/interfaces/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/manager/interfaces/package_binary.py 8 2 75% 21, 30
pacco/manager/interfaces/package_manager.py 13 4 69% 22, 31, 43, 56
pacco/manager/interfaces/package_registry.py 22 8 64% 23, 37, 46, 60, 66, 79, 91, 105
pacco/manager/interfaces/remote.py 14 3 79% 14, 18, 21
pacco/manager/remote_factory.py 7 3 57% 7-10
pacco/manager/remote_manager.py 66 4 94% 93, 127, 140, 163
pacco/manager/utils/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/manager/utils/cache.py 28 0 100%
pacco/manager/utils/clients.py 130 70 46% 28, 38, 47, 58, 68, 78, 117, 131-146, 150-151, 154-160, 163, 166, 169-170, 173-175, 178, 181, 184-196, 199-217, 220-222
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 968 156 84%
但是，当它在Travis中运行时，结果仅为
Name Stmts Miss Cover Missing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
pacco/__init__.py 1 0 100%
pacco/cli/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/cli/commands/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/cli/commands/binary.py 85 69 19% 15-17, 20-34, 37-56, 59-69, 75-85, 88-107
pacco/cli/commands/pacco.py 13 4 69% 9, 12, 15, 19
pacco/cli/commands/registry.py 65 55 15% 11-15, 21-29, 35-40, 46-63, 69-76, 82-91, 97-105
pacco/cli/commands/remote.py 37 29 22% 10-13, 19-34, 45-48, 54-57, 63-66
pacco/cli/commands/utils/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/cli/commands/utils/command_abstract.py 57 45 21% 10-14, 20-41, 44-48, 51-63, 67-74, 77
pacco/cli/commands/utils/output_stream.py 17 10 41% 6-7, 10, 13-18, 21, 24
pacco/cli/entry_point.py 4 1 75% 10
pacco/cli/test_utils.py 54 0 100%
pacco/cli/tests.py 115 1 99% 195
pacco/manager/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/manager/file_based/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/manager/file_based/package_binary.py 30 6 80% 40, 56-60
pacco/manager/file_based/package_manager.py 28 2 93% 37, 58
pacco/manager/file_based/package_registry.py 130 12 91% 65, 71, 100, 108, 145, 159, 182, 186, 196, 217, 224, 226
pacco/manager/file_based/remote.py 44 10 77% 17, 20, 48, 52-57, 60
pacco/manager/interfaces/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/manager/interfaces/package_binary.py 8 2 75% 21, 30
pacco/manager/interfaces/package_manager.py 13 4 69% 22, 31, 43, 56
pacco/manager/interfaces/package_registry.py 22 8 64% 23, 37, 46, 60, 66, 79, 91, 105
pacco/manager/interfaces/remote.py 14 3 79% 14, 18, 21
pacco/manager/remote_factory.py 7 3 57% 7-10
pacco/manager/remote_manager.py 66 4 94% 93, 127, 140, 163
pacco/manager/utils/__init__.py 0 0 100%
pacco/manager/utils/cache.py 28 5 82% 26, 34-37
pacco/manager/utils/clients.py 130 70 46% 28, 38, 47, 58, 68, 78, 117, 131-146, 150-151, 154-160, 163, 166, 169-170, 173-175, 178, 181, 184-196, 199-217, 220-222
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 968 343 65%
您可以在travis中看到完整的日志。
我相信问题的根源在于，因为它是一个CLI应用程序，所以我使用subprocess.run(CLI_COMMAND)对其进行了测试，以使pytest-cov无法从子进程中检测到跟踪。但是它可以在我的本地计算机上运行。
当我检查travis覆盖结果中缺少的行时，看起来好像函数的主体都被忽略了。
我怀疑这可能是由于不同的Python环境（与sys.settrace行为有关）。
[正如Kevin提到的，您可以调用一个函数直接运行CLI，这比使用子进程更好。
但是我遇到了同样的问题，对于我的用例来说，直接调用我的代码不是一个选择。像OP一样，我使用pytest-cov来测量子进程的代码覆盖率。 pytest-cov的文档包含此小注释，在子流程陷阱（https://pytest-cov.readthedocs.io/en/latest/readme.html#limitations）
专用页面上没有令人讨厌地提及对于子过程测量，环境变量必须使它从主过程到子过程。子进程使用的python必须安装pytest-cov。子过程必须进行正常的站点初始化，以便可以检测到环境变量并开始覆盖。
无论如何，我将pytest-cov作为tox工作流程的一部分进行安装，因此大概可以将其安装到任何tox创建的环境中。同时，Travis在Travis的环境中将我的软件包安装在.travis.yml中。扩展到我的CLI应用程序意味着它随后使用了Travis环境中的Python解释器，该环境未安装pytest-cov。对我有用的解决方法是将我的软件包作为Tox的一部分进行点安装。