BigQuery - 如何制作包含期初余额和期末余额的交易报告？

Question

我正在尝试使用 BQ 中的两个表创建表格报告。一张表是包含合同开始日期、名称和期初余额的合同列表。另一个是这些合约中发生的交易列表（与合约的多对一关系 t.contract_name = c.name）。

我遇到的问题是基于获取每季度的期初和期末余额（首选财务季度）。

我在 mysql 中使用了一个小提琴，因为 BQ 没有太大不同： https://www.db-fiddle.com/f/dXV1oLCgsS8ptAGYrjFmCX/0

本质上，我需要的是：合同名称，日期（例如以FY23-24Q1的形式汇总），该季度的期初余额，预付款总额，付款总额，总额版税，该季度的期末余额。

我假设我需要使用合约期初余额作为第一个可能的余额，然后每个后续期初余额都是上一季度的期末余额。

我希望能够将此数据加载到 Tableau 之类的工具中，以便我可以为用户提供筛选器，而不是在 BQ 中对数据本身执行合同/日期筛选。这看起来很简单，但每次我尝试它时，我最终都会陷入循环，其中期初余额依赖于期末余额或创建无尽的 CTE 或我对给定季度的所有期初余额而不是第一个余额求和的情况。

当一个季度的同一天有多个交易时，这也需要起作用（因为我也遇到了这个问题）。

Answer 1

在这个查询中，我认为它给了你你想要的。 这里的问题是，由于我没有合同创建日期，所以我只是使用任意值“2023-01-01”来生成每个季度的日期数组。

with
contract as
(
  select "Robin" as name, 50 as opening_balance union all
  select "James" as name, 150 as opening_balance
),
transactions as 
(
  select "James" as contract_name, -50 amount, "Advance" as type, date '2023-01-04' as _date union all
  select "James" as contract_name, -50 amount, "Payment" as type, date '2023-03-04' as _date union all
  select "James" as contract_name, -50 amount, "Payment" as type, date '2023-05-04' as _date union all
  select "James" as contract_name, 50 amount, "Royalties" as type, date '2023-09-04' as _date union all
  select "James" as contract_name, 50 amount, "Royalties" as type, date '2023-11-04' as _date
),
trx_quarter as 
(
  select
      contract_name as name,
      date_trunc(_date, quarter) as quarter,
      sum(amount) as amount,
  from transactions
  group by 1,2
)
select 
  name,
  quarter,
  opening_balance as initial_balance,
  opening_balance + coalesce(sum(coalesce(amount, 0)) over (partition by name order by quarter rows between unbounded preceding and 1 preceding), 0) as opening_balance,
  coalesce(amount, 0) as change_amount,
  opening_balance + sum(coalesce(amount, 0)) over (partition by name order by quarter) as end_balance,
from contract as c
join unnest(generate_date_array("2023-01-01", current_date, interval 3 month)) as quarter
left join trx_quarter
  using(name, quarter)