C ++理解Functors多态性

问题描述 投票:5回答:2

我尝试实现多态仿函数对象(纯抽象基类和子对象),仅用于理解目的。我的目标是创建基类的许多对象,这些对象使用纯虚函数的不同实现。

当我创建基类的指针并将其设置为等于新的子类时,我无法将该对象作为函数调用。错误是:

main.cpp:29:7: error: ‘a’ cannot be used as a function

这是代码:

#include <iostream>

class foo{
public:
    virtual void operator()() = 0;
    virtual ~foo(){}
};

class bar: public foo{
public:
    void operator()(){ std::cout << "bar" << std::endl;}
};

class car: public foo{
public:
    void operator()(){ std::cout << "car" << std::endl;}
};


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

    foo *a = new bar;
    foo *b = new car;

    //prints out the address of the two object: 
    //hence I know that they are being created
    std::cout << a << std::endl;
    std::cout << b << std::endl;

    //does not call bar() instead returns the error mentioned above
    //I also tried some obscure variation of the theme:
    //*a(); *a()(); a()->(); a->(); a()();
    //just calling "a;" does not do anything except throwing a warning
    a();

    //the following code works fine: when called it print bar, car respectivly as expected
    // bar b;
    // car c;
    // b();
    // c();

    delete b;
    delete a;
    return 0;
}

我目前的理解是“foo * a”将函数对象“bar”的地址存储在一个(如cout语句所示)。因此解除引用它“* a”应该提供对“a”指向的函数的访问,并且“* a()”应该调用它。

但事实并非如此。谁能告诉我为什么?

c++ polymorphism functor
2个回答
6
投票

由于你有一个a的指针,你必须取消引用它来调用()运算符:

(*a)(); // Best use parentheseis around the dereferenced instance

-1
投票

当你取消引用你丢弃多态时,应该调用foo::operator()而不是bar::operator(),因此抛出了一个纯虚函数调用异常。

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