我正在使用 Selenium，想知道是否可以同时使用多个 TABS？我不想使用多个浏览器实例（即 2 个 IE 双关语副本）。如果不可能，如何在顺序运行的各个选项卡之间进行切换？
谢谢！
如果有打开新窗口/选项卡的链接，那么您可以使用
driver.switchTo().window();但是，如果您想在多个窗口上运行某些内容，那么我建议拥有多个 Webdriver 实例。它更容易管理，并且受支持（有打开新选项卡/窗口的解决方法，例如按热键打开新窗口，但不支持它们）。
如果您想让多个线程都作用于同一个驱动程序实例，但不同的选项卡上，这是不可能的。
可以在各个选项卡之间切换，而无需多个浏览器实例。
Web 驱动程序处理不同窗口和处理不同选项卡的方式是不同的。
案例1：
如果有多个窗口，则以下代码可以提供帮助：
//Get the current window handle
String windowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
//Get the list of window handles
ArrayList tabs = new ArrayList (driver.getWindowHandles());
System.out.println(tabs.size());
//Use the list of window handles to switch between windows
driver.switchTo().window(tabs.get(0));
//Switch back to original window
driver.switchTo().window(mainWindowHandle);
案例2：
如果同一窗口中有多个选项卡，则只有一个窗口句柄。因此，在窗口句柄之间切换可将控件保持在同一选项卡中。
在这种情况下，使用 Ctrl + (Ctrl + Tab) 在选项卡之间切换更有用。
//Open a new tab using Ctrl + t
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +"t");
//Switch between tabs using Ctrl + \t
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +"\t");
详细示例代码可以在这里找到：
http://design-interviews.blogspot.com/2014/11/switching- Between-tabs-in-same-browser-window.html
要打开多个选项卡：
driver = new ChromeDriver();
IJavaScriptExecutor jscript = driver as IJavaScriptExecutor;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(this.baseURL);
jscript.ExecuteScript("window.open('{0}', '_blank');", this.baseURL);
}
在它们之间切换：
for (int i = 0; i < driver.WindowHandles.Count; i++)
{
driver.SwitchTo().Window(driver.WindowHandles[i])]);
}
尝试使用以下代码。
String oldTab = driver.getWindowHandle();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
ArrayList<String> newTab = new ArrayList<String>(driver.getWindowHandles());
newTab.remove(oldTab);
driver.switchTo().window(newTab.get(0));
如果您使用 selenium 和 nodejs，这将解决您的问题。
driver.get('https://www.google.com/')
.then(_ =>
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.tagName('body'))
)
.then(bodyElement => {
bodyElement.sendKeys(webdriver.Key.chord(webdriver.Key.CONTROL, 't'))
})
.catch(err => {
console.log(err);
})
我最近实现了一个简单的多线程实用程序，允许在单独线程的单独选项卡上运行测试仅使用一个 WEBDRIVER 实例。
WebDriverWebDriver用途：
fun test() {
val results = ParallelNavigator(webDriver,
listOf(
::test1,
::test2,
::test3
)
).start()
println(results)
// Output: [Success, Failure: java.lang.RuntimeException: Some error, Success]
}
fun test1(pn: ParallelNavigator) {
/* ... open url, find elements etc. so stuff */
pn.resumeNext() // transfer flow to another unfinished thread (test2 if not finished)
/* ... do more stuff */
pn.resumeNext() // again transfer flow to another thread
}
fun test2(pn: ParallelNavigator) { /* ... */ }
fun test3(pn: ParallelNavigator) { /* ... */ }
实施：
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock
import kotlin.concurrent.thread
import kotlin.concurrent.withLock
class ParallelNavigator(private val webDriver: WebDriver, executions: List<(ParallelNavigator) -> Unit>) {
private val _executions: List<TabExecution> = executions.map { TabExecution(it) }
private var currentExecutionIndex: Int = -1
fun start(): List<Result> {
createTabs()
return runInternal()
}
fun resumeNext() {
if (_executions.isEmpty()) {
throw RuntimeException("No executions provided.")
}
val currentExecution: TabExecution? = if (currentExecutionIndex != -1) {
_executions[currentExecutionIndex]
} else null
val unfinished = _executions.filter { !it.finished }
if(unfinished.isEmpty()) {
return
}
val nextExecutionIndex = if (currentExecutionIndex >= unfinished.lastIndex || currentExecutionIndex <= -1) {
0
} else {
currentExecutionIndex + 1
}
val nextExecution = unfinished[nextExecutionIndex]
currentExecutionIndex = nextExecutionIndex
webDriver.switchTo().window(nextExecution.windowHandle)
nextExecution.lock.withLock {
nextExecution.condition.signal()
}
currentExecution?.lock?.withLock {
if (!currentExecution.finished) {
currentExecution.condition.await()
}
}
}
sealed class Result {
class Success : Result() {
override fun toString(): String {
return "Success"
}
}
class Failure(val ex: Throwable) : Result() {
override fun toString(): String {
return "Failure: ${ex.javaClass.name}: ${ex.message}"
}
}
class Unfinished : Result() {
override fun toString(): String {
return "Unfinished"
}
}
}
data class TabExecution(
val test: (ParallelNavigator) -> Unit,
val lock: ReentrantLock = ReentrantLock(),
var finished: Boolean = false
) {
lateinit var windowHandle: String
lateinit var condition: Condition
lateinit var thread: Thread
}
private fun createTabs() = with(webDriver) {
navigate().to("about:blank")
val homeWindowHandle = windowHandle
for (execution in _executions) {
execution.windowHandle = openNewTab()
}
webDriver.switchTo().window(homeWindowHandle)
}
private fun runInternal(): List<Result> {
val results = _executions.map { Result.Unfinished() as Result }.toMutableList()
for (index in _executions.indices) {
val execution = _executions[index]
val condition = execution.lock.newCondition()
execution.condition = condition
execution.thread = thread(start = false) {
execution.lock.withLock {
condition.await()
try {
execution.test(this)
results[index] = Result.Success()
} catch (ex: Throwable) {
ex.printStackTrace()
results[index] = Result.Failure(ex)
}
execution.finished = true
currentExecutionIndex--
resumeNext()
}
}
execution.thread.start()
}
resumeNext() // run first execution
for (execution in _executions) {
execution.thread.join()
}
return results
}
fun waitForNewTabToOpen(oldWindowHandles: Set<String>) = with(webDriver) {
waitForNewTabToOpen(oldWindowHandles, 10)
}
fun waitForNewTabToOpen(oldWindowHandles: Set<String>, seconds: Int) = with(webDriver) {
WebDriverWait(webDriver, seconds.toLong()).until<Boolean> { WebDriver -> availableWindowHandles().size > oldWindowHandles.size }
}
fun availableWindowHandles(): Set<String> = with(webDriver) {
return webDriver.getWindowHandles()
}
private fun getNewTabHandle(oldWindowHandles: Set<String>): String = with(webDriver) {
waitForNewTabToOpen(oldWindowHandles)
val newWindowHandles = availableWindowHandles().toMutableSet()
newWindowHandles.removeAll(oldWindowHandles)
return newWindowHandles.iterator().next()
}
fun openNewTab(): String = with(webDriver) {
val oldHandles = availableWindowHandles()
(webDriver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript("Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { target: '_blank', href: 'about:blank'}).click();")
waitForNewTabToOpen(oldHandles)
return getNewTabHandle(oldHandles)
}
}
如果您希望同时运行多个窗口，请对 IWebDriver 的多个实例使用线程
例如：
public void Work()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver("D:\\Drivers");
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(URL);
\\Do the rest
}
public void Work2()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver("D:\\Drivers");
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(URL2);
\\Do the rest
}
并像这样调用函数：
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Work));
thread1.Start();
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Work2));
thread2.Start();