我尝试了一个学生的挑战，就是写一个程序，将。
我的程序可以让我实现上述所有要求，但是我是通过使用函数来实现的。 我怎样才能用类来代替写这个程序，这比函数有什么优势？
程序的主体
#Assign default variables
x = True
z = True
aa = True
book_list = []
#Import module and functions
from bookstoreage_test import add_books, main_menu, continue_loop, search_books
#Start loop of program main menu
while z is True:
option = main_menu()
#Add books to list
if option =="1":
while x is True:
book_list.append(add_books())
x=continue_loop()
#Print list of books - non looping, will end program after printing list
elif option=="2":
print(book_list)
break
#Allows users to search for a book
elif option =="3":
# while aa is True:
search=input("Find name of a book by: (name=1, author=2, genre=3 or list books available in each category = 4))")
search_input = input("Please enter in the search value")
if search == str(1) or str(2) or str(3):
r = search_books(book_list,search_input)
print (r)
z=continue_loop()
else:
print("You selected an invalid input")
程序主体中使用的函数库。
#Adding books to a dictionary through user input
def add_books():
books_stored3 = {
'name': input("What is the name of the book? "),
'author': input("Who is the author? "),
'genre': input("What is the book genre")
}
return (books_stored3)
#Main menu - Asks user for how they would like to proceed
def main_menu():
print("\nWelcome to your books storage. Please selection from one of the following options\n")
user_choice = input(" 1. Add new books to collection. \n 2. View all books in collection. \n 3. Find a book within collection\n")
return(user_choice)
#Option to continue items to the list or return to main menu
def continue_loop():
contd = True
con_loop = input("Do you want to continue (Y/N) ")
if con_loop.lower()=="y":
contd = True
else:
contd=False
return (contd)
def search_books(book_list,search_input):
t=[]
for pairs in book_list:
for key, value in pairs.items():
if search_input.lower() == value.lower():
t.append([(pairs['name'])])
elif search_input.lower() in key:
t.append(value)
return t
我修改了一下你的代码。我定义了一个名为库的类，它包括所有的功能，现在作为类的方法。此外，我插入了几行代码，以这种方式，用户可以决定是否留在选项菜单或退出，而不仅仅是如果他想留在特定的选项1，2或3。
我认为类和函数之间的区别只是一个方便性的问题，有时用类写代码更直观，但从性能的角度来看，它并没有带来真正的好处，唯一真正的区别是你现在可以访问类的方法，也就是说，你可以利用你已经创建的函数，甚至在主程序之外。
我把**和**之间的链式连接放在了一起。
x = True
z = True
aa = True
book_list = []
**class library():**
**def __init__(self, option=1):
self.option = option**
#Main menu - Asks user for how they would like to proceed
def main_menu(self):
print("\nWelcome to your books storage. Please selection from one of the following options\n")
user_choice = input(" 1. Add new books to collection. \n 2. View all books in collection. \n 3. Find a book within collection\n")
**self.option = user_choice**
def add_books(self):
books_stored3 = {'name': input("What is the name of the book? "), 'author': input("Who is the author? "),'genre': input("What is the book genre")}
return (books_stored3)
#Option to continue items to the list or return to main menu
def continue_loop(self):
contd = True
con_loop = input("Do you want to continue (Y/N) ")
if con_loop.lower()=="y":
contd = True
else:
contd=False
return (contd)
def search_books(self, book_list,search_input):
t=[]
for pairs in book_list:
for key, value in pairs.items():
if search_input.lower() == value.lower():
t.append([(pairs['name'])])
elif search_input.lower() in key:
t.append(value)
return t
#main program
**library = library()**
while z is True:
**ex = input('Do you want exit from library ? y/n ')**
**if ex.lower() == 'y':
break**
library.main_menu()
#Add books to list
if library.option == "1":
while x is True:
book_list.append(**library.add_books()**)
x=**library.continue_loop()**
#Print list of books - non looping, will end program after printing list
elif **library.option**=="2":
print(book_list)
#Allows users to search for a book
elif **library.option** =="3":
**while aa is True:**
search=input("Find name of a book by: (name=1, author=2, genre=3 or list books available in each category = 4))")
search_input = input("Please enter in the search value")
if search == str(1) or str(2) or str(3):
r = **library.search_books(book_list,search_input)**
print (r)
**aa=library.continue_loop()**
else:
print("You selected an invalid input")