有一个空白的NatMailer/__init__.py
。
这是:NatMailer/NatMailer.py
# python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer localhost:1025
class NatMailer:
def __init__(self, smtp_server="localhost", port=1025, sender_email="[email protected]", debug=0):
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log', level=logging.DEBUG)
logging.info("Initiating NatMailer")
import smtplib, ssl
import json
import csv
import sqlite3
sql = sqlite3.connect('example.db')
self.debug = debug
if (debug):
self.smtp_server = "localhost"
self.port = 1025
self.sender_email = "[email protected]"
else:
self.smtp_server = smtp_server
self.port = port
self.sender_email = sender_email
def send_email(self, receiver_email, message_contents):
# Create a secure SSL context
context = ssl.create_default_context()
logging.info("Sending new email")
# Try to log in to server and send email
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtp_server,self.port)
server.ehlo() # Can be omitted
if (not self.debug):
logging.info("Logging into " + self.sender_email)
server.starttls(context=context) # Secure the connection
server.ehlo() # Can be omitted
server.login(self.sender_email, self.password)
logging.info("Sending email to " + receiver_email)
server.sendmail(self.sender_email, receiver_email, message_contents)
except Exception as e:
# Print any error messages to stdout
logging.debug(e)
finally:
server.quit()
然后在debug_driver.py
外面有一个NatMailer/
。
import NatMailer
debug = 1
nm = NatMailer.NatMailer(debug=debug)
message = """\
Subject: Hi there
This message is sent from Python."""
nm.send_email('[email protected]', message)
我收到此错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/pat/PycharmProjects/NatMailer/debug_driver.py", line 3, in <module>
nm = NatMailer.NatMailer(debug=debug)
AttributeError: module 'NatMailer' has no attribute 'NatMailer'
Process finished with exit code 1
我究竟做错了什么?我希望能够将自定义类导入到我的debug_driver.py脚本中。
这里涉及三个级别:目录(包),文件名(模块)和类。 NatMailer
指的是包,NatMailer.NatMailer
指的是模块,NatMailer.NatMailer.NatMailer
指的是类。
所以你需要类似的东西
# import module from package
import NatMailer.NatMailer
debug = 1
nm = NatMailer.NatMailer.NatMailer(debug=debug)
错误消息的简要说明:
AttributeError: module 'NatMailer' has no attribute 'NatMailer'
您只导入包(或模块,如此处所述):
import NatMailer
这基本上只加载__init__.py
文件,它是空的。因此,当您尝试访问该模块的任何内容时,Python会抱怨,因为那里什么都没有:
NatMailer.NatMailer
该属性不存在:它不是(子)模块,因为它不是在__init__.py
中导入的,也不是类,因为它也没有在__init__.py
中导入。它基本上是一个近乎空的导入,你必须明确导入NatMailer.NatMailer
。但请参见上下文。
备择方案:
1/
# import module from package
from NatMailer import NatMailer
debug = 1
nm = NatMailer.NatMailer(debug=debug)
2/
# import class from the module directly
from NatMailer.NatMailer import NatMailer
debug = 1
nm = NatMailer(debug=debug)
3 /或许更多涉及,但经常使用:
把它放在你的包__init__.py
中:
from .NatMailer import NatMailer
然后使用
# import the class from package
# note: now you can't distinguish the class from the module.
# see the remark at the bottom about naming conventions
from NatMailer import NatMailer
debug = 1
nm = NatMailer(debug=debug)
由于NatMailer
类现在可以在包级别找到,而不仅仅是在模块级别。
注意:包和模块通常不是CamelCased。这会让事情变得更有洞察力:natmailer.natmailer.NatMailer
将是你的班级。